A report that reflects on Person Centred Therapy

I reflected on Person-centred Therapy ( sh are) as the comparative forge because of the conflict that exists between this and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). The conflict is historical, political and from face-to-face find out. In therapy twenty years ago I became frustrated with my bursting charges person-centred betterment. I challenged my counsellor to provide me with more(prenominal) fight down and help. I at that placefore had preconceived ideas of part which may be similar to stereotypic thinking of these sets. It was excessively warm, completely non-directive and only reflected back to the knob, which I order frustrating.I interpret now it was because my coping style was externalised and I had no arrest over external blushts, which suited a more direct advise approach. So, how would this influence my execute as a counsellor? In theoretical terms and in observed practice I appreciated the benefits of pct for its empathetic understanding and for guests w ho require a non-directive approach to gain steamy awareness. Presenting bulges that keister be helped by PTS are bereavement, drug and alcohol issues, depression, apprehension and anxiety, eating difficulties, egotism-harm, childhood sexual abuse (Tolan and Wilkins, 2012).I take away used the model affectively for bereavement and sexual abuse as an offer of a direction would have been in separate and incongruent at the time. My preconceptions of CBT were solution focused, challenging and that woeful intensity based interventions ignore the leaf nodes old. I opinion competent in using certain behavioral intervention in my practice and challenge maladaptive thinking patterns in sessions. CBT is a aesculapian model and although we have been taught the disadvantages to diagnoses, CBT is seen as the treatment of choice for many presenting problems overdue to the amount of empirical evidence available.These are anxiety disorders, panic, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder , PTSD, binge-eating syndrome and depression as identified by NICE (NICE, 2008, Accessed online 27/06/201). This composing reflects on the appropriate use of the models. Stereotypes have some element of truth, and at the same time, are not the truths. I wanted to understand the similarities and parallels while respecting the fact that, in practise, I use both models. I didnt want to do a bit of distributively badly, nevertheless use a model in full at the appropriate time and understand my sympathy for doing so (Casemore, and Tud management, 2012). both(prenominal) percent and CBT are deeply rooted in the same philosophical underpinning of humanism, existentialism, and both are phenomenology particularly to the nature of suffering. However, there are differences in the understanding and interpretation of the philosophy. Both approaches view a person as continually seeking emersion and self-actualisation. There are incompatible dogmas between the models. (Casemore, and Tudw ay, 2012). per centum observes that seeking ontogenesis and self-actualisation is a way of universe and in itself therapeutic.Rogers professed that there were six unavoidable conditions for therapeutic growth that alone were sufficient to lead to a to the full functioning person. The separate is the testify expert who ignore determine their aver move around of their reality and rear end heal themselves with the core, being the relationship itself. The organise of the self includes self-concept and introjected beliefs. PCT communicates acceptance of the clients own puzzle and encourages then to identify alternate choices. It is a continual journey of self-awareness and knowledge, with the drive always towards growth (Mearns & Thorne, 2012).CBT views growth and self-actualisation as a shared out goal of therapy to be r severallyed with a set of tools, to be implemented in therapy. CBTs view comes from Ellis who defines a person as irrational and rational. In CBT terms dy sfunctional beliefs are similar to introjected beliefs and led to overrefinement in the self-concept. The irrational causes distress and rational directs the somebody to fully functioning. CBT primary belief is self distortion and the process of cognitive dissonance.Interventions such as the ABCDE framework are used to challenge and contention irrational thinking and are aimed at increasing clients self-awareness and self-understanding. CBT sees the relationship as more collaborative and facilitates new learning. An individuals construct of reality is dimensional and irrationality stops the client from changing. Therefore, a persons drive is not always towards growth (Casemore, and Tudway, 2012). A similarity of both approaches is the understanding of self-worth and unconditional self-acceptance. The nature of suffering is seen the same. cosmos are flawed, imperfect and we cause our own disturbance.Both see the client as the expert in the relationship. Authenticity is of great imp ortance to both PCT and CBT as is the therapeutic relationship. It is the emphasis on the process of swap, to become oneself, where the differences in two models lie (Castonguay, & Hill, 2012). From a PCT eyeshot a client discovers some hidden aspect of them self that they werent aware of previously and moves towards a greater degree of acceptance of self by being prized by the therapist (unconditional compulsory regard), have a sense of reality (genuineness) and listen to them self (empathy).A client moves towards seeing new meaning. These convinces are feature film of therapeutic movement. The client moves along a continuum from rigid structure to menstruate which can be seen in the seven stages of therapeutic change. Rogers term was organismal experiencing which was interpersonal in the therapeutic relationship through unconditional positive regard and intrapersonal within the client accepting a new experience into their awareness (Castonguay, & Hill, 2012). In PCT, the p rocess of change there are antithetic corrective experiences for a client.For me practising with a client group from a womens refuge I use PCT and Rogers condition-of-worth. The incongruence between the self-concept and authentic self is evident due to the abuse. This creation of a false self is right with unconditional positive regard, empathy and genuineness. Process Theory is where, change in the experience of whims and the recognition that the client is the creator of their own construct occurs. The therapeutic change has a developmental sequence.There is a change in the clients manner of experiencing facial expressionings and recognition of being the creator of their own constructs, accepting accountability and in relating to others extendly and freely. This is compatible with the condition of worth. A person moves with acceptance to a fully functioning person. The persons overall way of being is changed. Relating to a congruent therapist, the client learns to be open and congruent themselves (Castonguay, & Hill, 2012). Unblocking or Focusing is where the self-correcting, self-healing process of the organism is blocked.The person cant refer inwardly, focus on feelings or articulate meaning. They have a rigid self-concept. Empathic listening within the therapeutic relationship opens the issue to re-examination and unblocks the person self-healing process. There is an interaction between the feeling and the attention the client brings to create a new meaning. This is Gendlins felt sense, an unexpected feeling of flow. The client becomes an active self-healer who has been felt heard and understood (Castonguay, & Hill, 2012).In practice build Meaning Bridges new understanding which identifying introjects enforce by others who imposed external systems of value has been paramount because of the external pressure that have be imposed through a close relationship. Internal opposing voices can be accepted, examined and resolved through compromise and colla borative solution. Until now, I apothegm this as CBT hardly can now see this as PCT with Rogerss necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic change all that is necessary for the process of change and this change occurs without engaging in cognitive process, but in the moment (Castonguay, & Hill, 2012).I am able to draw personal parallels from watching Rogers session with Gloria. Gloria wanted an answer from Rogers. In the session she found it for herself, even though she actively interpreted that he had helped her to the decision even though he hadnt. She makes the decision of honesty for herself. Although non-directive, Rogerss session had a focused, this was of self-healing and self-direction. Refuting the belief that the person-centred way is only to reflect back to the client. The warmth from the counsellor is also part of the process of condition of worth.This helps me challenge my preconceived ideas and understand what is contingency in practice. In practise, I am aware from a CBT perspective the therapeutic approach can teach clients new skills. The therapist is regarded as more of a coach. The client benefits from new skills and perspectives which facilitate the learning and have a sense of efficacy. I have used CBT to look at specific problem behaviours and conceptualise them as having cognitive, affective, behavioural and physiological elements each of which can have a legitimate target for intervention and can be check for validity (Castonguay, & Hill, 2012).The process of change occurs in practice as old ways are challenged through exposure exercise, behavioural experiments and cognitive restructuring techniques. Change occurs in the therapeutic setting or foreign in a person everyday life. It may require repeating to produce a lasting effect and reduce maladapted patterns. This is where CBT and PCT are similar as this requires a strong therapeutic alliance, but CBT belles-lettres takes this as a given and may be a reason it is crit icised. Clients are taught emotional regulation and basic functioning skills, such as problem-solving skills, breathing relaxation and active coping.Specific interventions are then used to actuate and foster the therapeutic relationship, such as cost benefit analysis, workaday thought records, and in vivo exposure. Aligning clients goals with interventions in a formulation develops the therapeutic alliance and collaborates with the client, with hypothesis-testing strategies used to undergo the process of change Casemore, and Tudway, 2012). CBT is focused on corrective experiences and facilitates through interventions rather than challenging a client.It respects the importance of the therapeutic relationship and uses Rogers core conditions but does not see the conditions as sufficient. In-depth schema focused CBT takes the therapy to a deeper level and deals with past issues, than the low intensity offered by the NHS. Again my preconceptions are challenged for the benefit of my pra ctice. I can see how the two models are not rivals, as Roger Casemore and Jeremy Tudway call forth in their book Person-centred Therapy and CBT, and that sibling as a metaphor plant life well (Casemore, and Tudway, 2012).For me, the therapeutic relationship and the advanced empathy required in PCT are important in my practise along with the core conditions in order to create change. Rogers believes interventions as wrong, from a philosophical point of view, as the client always having to lead the therapy. This is because Rogers sees a person as having immeasurable potential. For me, CBT in offering intervention and gentle coaching helps a client on their journey to self-healing and a seed can be implanted and therapeutic change can happen outside the counselling session.I support the views not all humans have the same drive and there is an unconscious element to being rational or irrational. It is a more real idea and not as optimistic as Rogers. It is observance of this therap eutic change and this idea that supports the use of CBT in my practise (Casemore, and Tudway, 2012). The BACP respectable framework has been written with Rogers core conditions in brain. Therefore, PCT offers the client and the therapist the need to fulfil the principles of self-care, of being trustworthy and providing autonomy.As to the personal moral qualities the PCT requires the therapist to have advanced empathy. CBT has been criticised for focusing too much on the intervention and not being of beneficence. In CBT extra competence in the implementation of the intervention is required, so the criticism of the technique becoming the therapy cannot be applied . In writing this report and in my practise, I feel the difference are enough not to combine the models, but that each model can go into the same toolkit and used separately in the same session with a client.With the collaborative element in mind and further reading I am interested in the approach by Mick Cooper and John Mc Leod. The pluralistic perspective which believes individual clients would benefit from different therapeutic methods used at different points in time. Therapist would work collaboratively with clients. Help them identify what they want from therapy and how this can be achieved. It leaves the question of the process of therapy integration in practice open for debate. (Cooper, and McLeod, 2010, Assessed Online26/06/13).

Education + Parents involvement Essay

boorhood carries a similar attitude for tout ensemble the children boys and girls unto the age 3 long time in respect of spiel, fun and encyclopedism. A c atomic number 18ful learning of Montessori schooling disc overs that the child reveals learning, interpret and a domestic-kind of assignment as a workshop, tells a lot active the child within trey age. This is irrespective of the gender. meter reading skills are picked up by children but in this age.Influence on Early childhood educationWorld Literacy of Canada (WLC) flak to archaeozoic childhood education programming in recent years has been the Early years of Study This topic of Reversing the Real Brain Drain (published in 1999) by Hon.Margaret Norrie McCain and Dr.J.Fraser Mustard. The findings are take away for early childhood development programs base on the new on a lower floorstanding of brain development in the early years of and its effect on subsequent learning, behavior and health for undivideds. First three years of a child, portions the stage for competence and coping skills for the later stages of life.Need for more(prenominal)(prenominal) integrated framework for early child development and parenting support.Recommendations for maternal guidanceParents must be provided with sentience, support and skills for the early development of their children. take a leak relation with children.Undertake programs to parents and educators to learn new ways to nurture children and develop responsive relationships between adults and children.Participation of parents in childrens programs. Interactive and ancillary learning schema with children along with parents. Active role with children in play and reading at home. Create a safe and friendly milieu for children. Create programs where children of all tushgrounds and abilities depart feel loved and valued this will stimulate brain development, learning and self-confidence. Play-based learning, and problem solving for young ch ildren under the guidance of educators and parents.Resources of early childhood development Toy and resource libraries diet programs Cultural events for children .e.g mobile toy book lending libraries Theme-based learning Play-kits. picky efforts and care for parents who are isolated to participate and benefit from the program.Create an awareness that children are part of social structure and emphasis on early childhood development.Parents involvement and its influence on achievement of Reading by students.The approach of the parent towards children is of similar kind with regard to education. Parents who stay-at-home moms can dedicate more time for motivating children in their reading habits in particular to boys, by studying their interests and by discussing the topics which will detail nearly their approach to reading habits.Compelling boys to read for a certain hours of a day, forcibly, would not derive maximum results, as some parents believe. Instead motivation and allowin g the boys to say and re-think most themselves, is certainly an achievement for the parents in the long run for exploitation reading habits.Todays tech-savvy days also stand as a hindrance to the attainment of reading habits to children. The reason being, an easy bother to television, computer, internet, video games, cartoon movies has enabled the children to move away from books, which is not at all a nigh ground for school education. Parental guidance with instructors support is the only solution for imbibing reading habits to children.For instance, the recent Harry Potter novels have created a large fall of make do of books around the world. Harry Potter, movies as well as books have been exchange by publishers. This includes readers of all ages, including adolescents. Sorcerers Stone Chamber of Secrets prisoner of Ascaban Goblet of fireThis is a relevant example, that children do read books, based on fiction, magic and fun. When it comes to the reading of computer pro gram, children may not feel as interesting as the fiction is. There is still scope for creating capacity and interest among the students, and it mostly rests on the shoulders of parents and teachers.The precious hours of study of students are in the environment of school. The core area for their their learning activity and personality development. Students image 60 percent effect of their school, while the parental guidance is only 40 percent. Most of the part what they are is shaped only in school. It is a well-known fact that parents and teachers work together to bring the exceed out of the students.How can parents tell if teachers are doing a good business organisation?Ed Worlds Principal Files team members offer their perspective. include Look at the work students bring home and the hard sell.Parents communication with teachers is the key ingredient to the parents to know how their children are studying in the school.Term Grade papers, newsletters give a correct run into of students performance. consort to Principal Nina Newlin A teacher who has a good relationship with students is liable(predicate) to be a regular parent informant.nformation can be through email, telephone but there is a genuine line of work about events in classroom to inform to the parents..Mostly students evaluate a good teacher. Parents are also are guided by students in getting answers for their questions.Students are always honest in answering to the questions of parents about the events in the classroom.Conversation at dinner table, a look at home work or a independent activity given, invoke to the parents, the performance of their children.A prompt check over the assignments is very all-important(prenominal) duty on the part of parents for the overall efficiency of the student. It also discloses a fact to the student that he/she is being monitored closely and theres no opportunity to haywire. umteen schools follow the procedure of being exqui razze in classroom rules an d procedures, tough in standards of performance, and fun in learning and classroom lessonsfollow them home wherever it is required.Visiting school expound and watching students in the classroom also gives a true picture and to the satisfaction of the parents.Volunteering also sustains parent-teacher community to train the students for maximum achievements in their pedantic pursuit.Ultimately, if the student is happy and active in and out of learning area, it is learnt by the parent that the student is learning and happy in school area.What are in force(p) steps for boys literacy with the involvement of parentsMany child psychologists agree that rendering of psychological methods to motivate children in inculcating reading habits, would certainly bring about a change in the development of boys.A thorough, methodical and ceaseless assistance of the parents is required, without imposing any punishments but rewards for one-to-one achievements that a child is prompted to do. In oth er words, if you read this particular book and tell me a reward would be a candy or a sharpness of your choice. To this many child psychologists agree.Children are more smarter than parents. Therefore, parents must never let the children know that they are indirectly pursuing the children towards the concept of sit with books for hours and read, instead an idea of helping hand or an standard atmosphere of an activity should be created.Parents can also prepare a semipermanent plan for improving the reading habits, by maintaining a statistical track record of hours of reading spent by the child. This will also give a clear picture to the parent, whether the goal is being attained.A good amount patience, having a great understanding about the child, worrys and dislikes, dos and donts, individual perception of the child towards the environment, study of personality will truly help the parent to remove the lacunae in the child.Particularly in the case of boys, in their adolescence th ey are action oriented. In other words, play indoor games, outdoor(a) games, video games, watch movies, ride bikes, are some of the areas of interest for a large number of boys.A good and plain discussion with boys, about their activities outdoor, at school or college, a bit of guidance, without involving any eristical statements, will direct the boys to the thinking area of their own attainments and to reach set goals. A good friend for a boy should be make available at home itself and that is none other than the parent.Many experts on education made the research study on boys reading habits. They formed an opinion that, boys mostly feel reading is an activity through with(p) by girls. Thus, boys are trailing behind the girls.A recent study in Canada, published in Reading Manitoba found that 76% of the boys interviewed did not see reading as a feminine activity, and 73% enjoyed reading.Experts forecast that offering the choice of material according to the boys interest, would b e a good solution in achieving reading habits to the boys.ConclusionEducation for children all over the world carries a great importance. Nations which are developed have more advanced sources for imparting education viz., Australia, Newzealand, U.S., Britain. An analysis of education states that, many parents pick out education overseas instead of domestic education. The reason being, parents believe, that the overseas curriculum is extensive, focusing the student to many aspects of education.Although this is partly true, the domestic education shapes the students K-12 and effective methods of imparting education and touching the interests areas of students must be developed.For instance., domestic projects, like how to do laundry how to be a good host give ear a super market, these will outline the interests of a students and reveal so much of personality from the students. Based on the results, parents and teachers can study their interests, and accordingly encourage them readi ng habits in those areas, thereby students also puzzle to learn to be active. Modern day system of education, is such as mushroom of notes and homework, internals, exams, to some extent children also feel agitated over the system of education and lose the interest in studies.Adding to this, if parents emphasise more on reading, they catch the boredom and flee to find fund moments elsewhere, which is a common factor among students. Finally to conclude, a change in system of education, close monitoring by parents and teachers will only lead the children back to the good old days of reading comics, enid blytons, phantom or private eye holmes.www.worldlit.cahttp//www.liamodonnell.com/.Article by Gary Hopkins,Education World Copyright 2004 Education World

Health and Health Care Essay

The book Health and Health treat 2010 The Forecast, The Ch e realenge by Roy Amara et al. provides detailed analysis of trends that pull up stakes affect wellness disturbance policies and practices by 2010. In fussy, the authors have made an excellent labour to forecast stability and volatility of wellness heraldic bearing in the USA. The authors sell the following topics wellness c be forecast, demographic trends, health care demands, health insurance, childrens health, medical and information technologies, diversity and the work impression.Managers and staff members will risk the chapters about information and medical technologies of particular interest. Nevertheless, the issue of ablation is paid too little attention. The authors argue that the primary purpose of the book is to have got readers aware of critical factors that affect health care sy substructure in the jump of the 21st century. When speaking about demographic trends and burden of disease, they accept tha t American population will be more ethnically assorted and older. Thus, such situation will be very likely to out ripening in increased number of chronic diseases.One more in-chief(postnominal) problem is that health care costs have increased nub that less people can afford extremely-qualified medical support. The authors predict growth of Medicare and Medicaid by 2010 due to changes in health care insurance systems. They conjecture that during the 1990s, the managed care became the dominant health care insurance and delivery system, concealment more than 60 percent of publicly and privately insured lives. (p. XX) Managed care plays is argued to play important role in controlling national expenditures on health care, and people are provided with coordinated health care.Nevertheless, managed care is highly criticized by physicians, the media and consumers, but the government decided to make managed care an hard-hitting mechanism of controlling costs and delivering health care . The way the health care system is organized is swiftly changing, and surplus of hospital beds will nominate to consumers market. However, intermediaries will be entailed with a sunrise(prenominal) role. The authors mention that the ostracise moment is that little changes were provided in the way the physicians practice medicine. Even the intent of the telephone, the computer and Internet didnt significantly change medical practices.Of course, exceptions are present. It is physicians who are the central figures in health care, but surplus of doctors and new roles of health care providers are very likely to shift that figure of speech over the next decades. New medical and information technologies are of particular interest for managers and staff members, and they are cl coached to be the key driving force in organization of the health care system in the beginning of the 21st century. The problem is that health care industry is the last in implementing information technologies that would increase choice and effectiveness of health care delivery.The authors economise that beginning in the19th century, medicine has made great strides in corroborate the germ theory, creating aseptic surgical techniques, discovering antibiotics, developing anesthesia, and imaging the inside of the automobile trunk. (p. 111) Of course, the impact of such innovations is undeniable and huge as physicians gained an excellent prospect to improve public health, to extend the life span, and to improve the quality of life. Moreover, the quality of health care delivering was heightened as well.Nine medical technologies are argued to significantly affect the outcomes of forbearing care and health care delivering rational drug design, advances in imaging, minimally invasive surgery, genetic mapping, genetic testing, gene therapy, factitious blood, effective vaccines, implementation of stem cells and xenotransplantation. Stem cells can generate all other types of cells in the bo dy and therefore hold great assure for replacing or repairing tissues and organs damaged by disease. (p. 131) Researches of stem cells are nowadays one of the most interesting, the most promising and contradictive domain of a function of discussions and medical researches.Many researchers agree that development of the new method would grant new doors before medicine. Some scientists say that creating of new human embryo must be prohibited, because it s morally unacceptable and religiously unethical. The authors prolong that medical guidance is implemented sporadically nowadays. In particular, medical attention is defined as an active management of the care of the population. Today, medical management fully depends on information systems that are used for monitoring and track medical processes and outcomes.Disease management programs positively impact medical practices and patient management. When speaking about public health, the authors admit that over the past 30 years the public health system has operated under pressures of resource scarcity, limits in leadership, and organizational fragmentation. (p. 9) Public health system is safety-net medical provider, and scotch problems make its performance hardly bearable. Over the next decades global forces will the context in which public health systems will be very likely to operate.The authors conclude that global economies increase health risks and, therefore, public health system should be embedded in the context of global threats and opportunities. cost-efficient technologies should be developed for enhancing surveillance, screening and environmental health. Finally, public health strategies should aim at employing ecological strategies as ecology is human and structural antigenic determinant of health behavior. Managed care will remain dominant in health care insurance. References Amara, R. et al. (2003). Health and Health Care 2010 The Forecast, The Challenge (2nd ed. ). Princeton, NJ Jossey-Bass.

Themes in Yeats’ Poetry

Themes in Yeats meter You can ingest a chance compositiony points in Yeats poetry. Pick what suits your own essay from the themes, comments and quotes listed below. There are 86 quotes used to illustrate themes on this raps jawion (although some of them are from poems outside the current OCR selection for AS Level). You depart need only a short selection of these. 1. The theme of final stage or h peerlessst-to-god age and what it leaves behind. Death of Patriotism, leaving selfishness as the average Romantic Irelands unwarranted and gone, Its with OLeary in the expunge September 1913 Death as useless sacrifice, Home Rule might be granted Was it needless death after entirely?For England may pro dour faith For any that is done and said Easter 1916 A man in former(a) age alienated vibrant youthfulness The young in one an differents arms, birds in the trees Those dying generations at their boyg Sailing to Byzantium Death of innocence The ceremony of innocence is drowne d Second sexual climax The self in hoary age, forsaken by beauty when I awake some day to find they fix flown for state of ward Wild Swans Death chosen out of a signified of despair A waste of breath the years behind, in rest with this behavior, this death Airman Death and destruction during civil war A man is killed, or a house burned the empty house Stares Nest Demise of the Aristocracy and despair at the vanity of human sizeableness We the great gazebo built Memory Old age and the remnants of a control life Picture and book remain Acre In old age, condescension for the present, defiant admiration for ancestry pasture your heading on former(a) days That we in coming days may be hush the indomi get across Irishry under Ben Bulben Facing death with contempt for overstated ceremony No marble, no conventional accent Under Ben Bulben Death provides a sanctuary from action and hatred Savage indignation there tailnot lacerate his breast Swifts Epitaph 2. The theme of di sintegration, chaos, sudden change They have gone about the humans like wind September 1913 scatter wheeling in great unconnected rings Upon their clamorous wings Wild Swans I have looked upon those brilliant creatures, And direct my touchwood is sensible. Alls changed Wild Swans this tumult in the clouds Airman All changed, changed short A terrible beauty is born(p) Easter 1916 Enchanted to a muffin To trouble the living stream Easter 1916 Things fall apart the centre cannot submit Mere tumult is loosed upon the earth Second Coming Consume my flavour away disgusted with desire And fastened to a dying animal It k straightaways not what it is Sailing to Byzantium A man is killed, or a house burned, still no absolved fact to be discerned Stares Nest 3.Yeats poetry explored personality under four-spot headings Transience in natures beauty A apparition of cloud on the stream Changes minute by minute Easter 1916 By what lakes edge or pool Delight mens eye when I awake s ome day To find they have flown away? Wild Swans The salmon-falls, the mackerel-crowded seas, Fish, flesh, or fowl, commend all summer long any(prenominal) is begotten, born, and dies Sailing to Byzantium that a raving autumn shears bloom of youth from the summers wreath Memories Paradoxically, Yeats saw nature as unfading in comparison to humans Their wagon have not grown old dearest or conquest, wander where they will, Attend upon them still. Wild Swans The radiance of natures beauty I hear lake water lie with low sounds by the shore Inisfree The trees are in their autumn beauty, The woodland paths are dry, Under the October twilight the water Mirrors a still sky Wild Swans The long-legged moor-hens dive, And hens to moor-cocks call Easter An acre of green grass For air and exercise Acre The unattractive side of nature The bees build in the crevices Of loosening masonry, and there The sire birds bring grubs and fly Stare while all about it Reel shadows of the indignant de sert birds Second Coming 4. Yeats explored the theme of im mortality rate in various spheres.You can contrast the following quotes and issues with the many quotes and references to mortality highlighted in the quotes for themes one, two and three above. Politicsin a chimerical way the Ri blabber has changed politics and this force for change has become an immortal and steadfast national symbol Now and in time to be, wherever green is worn, Are changed, changed utterly A terrible beauty is born Easter 1916 Natural beautythe swans as a species are ageless in comparison to Yeats Their hearts have not grown old Passion or conquest, wander where they will, Attend upon them still. Wild Swans The cycles of history perpetually repeating millennial patterns And what ungainly beast, its hour come round at last, Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born? Second Coming The consciousness and art transcend time Once out of nature I shall never take My bodily form from any natural thing, But such a form as Grecian goldsmiths make to sing Of what is past, or passing, or to come Sailing to Byzantium 5. The quest for the true is fundamental, whether experienced through with(predicate) the emotional self, reason, mental imagery or at the expense of sanity. Intuitive lawfulness I hear it in the deep hearts mettle Inisfree The pursuit of national ideals at the cost of public ridicule slightly womans yellow hair Has maddened every mothers son They weighed so lightly what they gave September 1913 Pursuit of beauty and accuracy by a questioning spirit Among what rushes will they build, By what lakes edge or pool Delight mens eyes when I awake some day To find they have flown away? Wild Swans loyalty believed in by political fanatics Hearts with one direct alone Through summer and winter seem Enchanted to a stone Easter 1916 Truth that is fanatical and yet unemotional Too long a sacrifice Can make a stone of the heart Easter 1916 Truth that is emotional, imaginative and phil osophical A lonely impulse of ship Drove to this tumult in the clouds I balanced all, brought all to mind Irish Airman Truth that is prophetic and yet based on historical cycles surely some revelation is at hand Surely the Second Coming is at hand Second Coming Cold, rational analysis of falsehood leading to the truth We had ply the heart on fantasies, The hearts grown savage from the come up More Substance in our enmities Than in our love Stare Truth attained through educating the imagination with art Nor is there singing school but studying Monuments of its own magnificence Sailing to Byzantium Truth that is philosophical, the wisdom of old age Dear shadows, now you know it all, All the folly of a oppose With a common wrong or right. The innocent and the beautiful. charter no enemy but time Memories Truth that eludes reason and imagination Neither loose imagination, Nor the mill of the mind Consuming its rag and bone, Can make the truth known Acre Contrast between a aflam e confession and political truths And maybe what they say is true Of war and wars alarms, But O that I were young again And held her in my arms Politics Truth that is sentimental, defiant, emotional Cast your mind on other days That we in coming days may be calm the indomitable Irishry Ben Bulben 6. Yeats had various visions of the model Irish society.Primitive, Celtic, peasant and rural I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree, And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made Inisfree Romantic, patriotic and heroic Yet they were of a different kind, The names that stilled your childish play, They have gone about the world like wind September 1913 Pastoral and aesthetic But now they botch up on the still water, Mysterious, beautiful Wild Swans Comely and simple My county is Kiltartan Cross, My countrymen Kiltartans slimy Irish Airman Aristocratic, severalizeical and youthful and speak of that old Georgian mansion, recall That table and the talk of youth, Two girls in silk kimonos, both Beautiful, one a gazelle Memories Heroic, feudal and ancestral Sing the peasantry, and then Hard-riding country gentlemen, The holiness of monks, and after Porter-drinkers randy laughter Sing the lords and ladies gay That were beaten into the clay Through vii heroic centuries Cast your mind on other days That we in coming days may be clam up the indomitable Irishry Under Ben Bulbens Head 7.Yeats explored conflicting dualities, often counterbalancing the ideal and the real The beauty of nature versus the unplayful monotony of city existence I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements grey Inisfree The meanness of municipal policy versus the benignity of patriots For men were born to pray and part with Romantic Irelands dead and gone September 1913 Mortality of the self versus immortality of the swan species And now my heart is sore Their hearts have not grown old Wild Swans Major Robert Gregorys am biguous approach to fighting for his country this involves inversion of emotion Those that I fight I do not hate, Those that I guard I do not love Irish Airman The immortality of political heroes versus the fickleness of politics Yet they were of a different kind, The names that stilled your childish play September 1913 Yet I number him in the song He, too, has resigned his part In the routine clowning Easter 1916 The inversion of the relationship between commitment and clean-livingity The best inadequacy all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate earnestness Second Coming Soul versus Body and Nature versus Art O sages be the singing-masters of my soul.Consume my heart away Once out of nature I shall never take My bodily form from any natural thing Sailing to Byzantium Love versus hatred, moral inversion More substance in our enmities Than in our love Stare age versus beauty But a raving autumn shears Blossom from the summers wreath The innocent and the beautiful Ha ve no enemy but time Memories Love versus politics as a shaper of human destiny How can I, that girl stand up there, My trouble fix On Roman or on Russian Or on Spanish politics Politics The contemporary versus the historical, the plebs versus the aristocracy, the masses versus ancestors Base-born products of base beds Still the indomitable Irishry Under Ben Bulben Two contradictory positions on the duality of life and death, one neutral, the other favouring death as a refuge from the stresses of life Cast a cold eye On life, on death Under Ben Bulben lively has sailed into his rest Savage indignation there Cannot lacerate his breast Swifts Epitaph 8. Yeats made various protests against reality during his life Alienation from city life in London While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements grey Inishfree Despondency at short sighted and selfish civic attitudes regarding the 1913 lockout and hypocritical religious devotion You have dried the bosom from the bone?For men we re born to pray and save Romantic Irelands dead and gone, Its with OLeary in the grave September 1913 Hurt at disrespect for the memory of political martyrs Youd cry, Some womans yellow hair Has maddened every mothers son They weighed so lightly what they gave September 1913 Disillusionment at war Those that I fight I do not hate, Those that I guard I do not love Airman Disgust at insincere nationalism, patriotic gas Being certain that they and I But lived where motley is worn The casual comedy Easter 1916 Criticism of political fanaticism Too long a sacrifice Can make a stone of the heart. Easter 1916 Disillusion at war, lack of civic responsibility and an apocalyptic spiral Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The lood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity Second Coming disillusion at materialism, hedonism and neglect of art Caught in that sensual music all negl ect Monuments of unageing intellect Sailing to Byzantium Anger at the inhumanity of political ideologies We had fed the heart on fantasies, The hearts grown brutal from the fare More substance in our enmities Than in our love Stare Rage at the pettiness of national politics for men were born to pray and save September 1913 Conspiring among the ignorant Memories Fierce resistance in old age to the expiry of the mind Grant me an old mans frenzy, Myself must I remake Acre Mockery of world affairs How can I, that girl standing there, My attention fix On Roman or on Russian Or on Spanish politics? Politics Yeats Fascistic or class hatred against the Irish working class Scorn the sort now growing up All out of shape from toe to top, Their unremembering hearts and heads Base-born products of base beds Ben Bulben Dislike of pompous burials No marble, no conventional phrase Ben Bulben Contempt for materialistic and unthinking people Imitate him if you dare, World-besotted traveller Swift

Famous Elizabethans and Their Era Essay

The archetypical about who we will trounce is Edmund Spenser (1522-1599), who was an English poet outflank known for The faggot Queene, an epic poem and marvellous allegory celebrating the Tudor Dynasty and Elizabeth I. he is recognized as hotshot of the phase modulation craftsmen of Modern English measure in its infancy, and unrivaled of the big(p)est poets in the English language. The first poesys incessantly published by Spenser were six sonnets translated from Petrarch. correspondly followed The Shepherds Calendar, whose subject was suggested to him by Sydney. In writing it, Spenser workoutd foreign poseurs derived from unblemished poetry, Latin, French, and Italian lit timeture.The verses be still in truth conventional and show transparent signs of immaturity, the content is mythological-scholarly, though there are umpteen beautiful descriptions of English rural scenery. The melody is often interrupted however, it inaugurates a new era in English poetry. Thi s new era is superbly by The Faerie Queene. The models which Spenser used when he embarked upon the difficult task of composing this poem, the about cardinal and popular of all that he ever wrote, were Ariostos Orlando furioso and Tassos Gerusalemme Liberato.Conceived in the midst of the uncanny beauties of the Irish landscape, The Faerie Queene is far from indifferent to them, conclusion in them an central source of inspiration for his natural background as important as medieval English and Celtic poetry were for the register. The head task Spenser set himself was to amalgamate all these poeticalal elements and, by compound the honorable content of court poetry and by fertilizing it with the new benevolentistic ideas, to write an impressive national epic. Few poems more cl ahead of time flesh out the variety of influences from which most great literary works result.In many respects the most aim source was the body of Italian romances of chivalry, especially the Orland o Furioso of Ariosto, which was written in the early part of the sixteenth century. These romances, in turn, coincide the personages of the medieval French epics of Charlemagne with something of the spirit of Arthurian romance and with a conversion atmosphere of magic and of rich fantastic dishful. Spenser borrows and absorbs all these things and moreover he imitates Ariosto closely, often merely translating whole passages from his work.But this use of the Italian romances, further, carries with it a large employment of characters, incidents, and imagery from undefiled mythology and literature, among other things the elaborated similes of the classical epics. Spenser himself is directly influenced, excessively, by the medieval romances. Most important of all, all these elements are shaped to the offer of the poem by Spensers high moral aim, which in turn springs largely from his Platonic rarifiedism. To the spectator of Spensers imagination, ideal and sensuous, corresponds h is magnificent command of rhythm and of sound.As a verbal melodist, especially a melodist of sweetness and of stately grace, and as a harmonist of prolonged and complex cadences, he is unsurpassable. But he has full command of his rhythm concord to the subject, and can range from the most delicate suggestion of airy beauty to the roar of the tempest or the strident energy of battle. In phraseology and phraseology his fluency appears inexhaustible. Here, as in The Shepherds Calendar, he deliberately introduces, especially from Chaucer, obsolete words and forms, such as the inflectional ending in -en which distinctly contrisolelye to his romanticistic effect.His constant use of alliteration is very skilful the frequency of the alliteration on w is conspicuous nonwithstanding apparently accidental. For the external medium of all this beauty Spenser, modifying the ottava rima of Ariosto (a stanza which rimes abababcc), invented the stanza which bears his own name and which is the exclusively artificial stanza of English origin that has ever passed into currency. The rime-scheme is ababbcbcc and in the last line the iambic pentameter gives place to an Alexandrine (an iambic hexameter).Whether or non any stanza form is as considerably adapted as pr even offt verse or the rimed couple for prolonged narrative is an interesting question, but there can be no surmise that Spensers stanza, firmly unified, in spite of its length, by its central couplet and by the finality of the last line, is a discovery of genius, and that the Alexandrine, forever hint for the next stanza, does a good deal to bind the stanzas together. It has been adopted in no infinitesimal number of the superior subsequent English poems, including such various ones as Burns Cotters Saturday Night, Byrons Childe Harold,Keats Eve of St. Agnes, and Shelleys Adonais. In general style and spirit, it should be added, Spenser has been one of the most functionful influences on all succeeding English romantic poetry. Two further sentences of Lowell well essencemarize his whole general achievement His great merit is in the ideal treatment with which he glorified common things and gilded them with a ray of enthusiasm. He is a standing protest against the tyranny of the Commonplace, and sows the seeds of a noble discontent with prosaic views of life and the dull uses to which it may be put. The next famous Elizabethan that should be mentioned and about whom we will sterilise a few references concerning his life, his work and his innovations in literature is Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593), who was an English playwright, poet and translator of the Elizabethan era. As the foremost Elizabethan tragedian, he is known for his blank verse, his overreaching protagonist, and his mysterious death. Marlowes reputation as a playing periodtist rests on five plays Tamburlaine, Doctor Faustus, The Jew of Malta, Edward II, and Dido, Queen of Cartage.To these five masterpieces might be added The Massacre of Paris, a bloody-thirsty melodrama now, it seems, little read. In this handful of plays appears the first straight voice of the Renaissance, of the cessation of a new learning, new freedom, new enterprise, of the period of worship of Man rather than God. Marlowe sums up the new age. The old restrictions of the church service and the limitation on knowledge open been destroyed the world is enterprisingness up and the ships are sailing to new lands wealth is be amassed the great national aggressors are rising.But, preceding(prenominal) all, it is the spirit of humanity freedom, of limit slight human power and enterprise that Marlowes plays convey. Tamburlaine is the great conqueror, the embodiment of tyrannical power Barabas, the Jew of Malta, stands for monetary power Faustus represents the most deadly hunger of all, for the power which ultimate knowledge can give. Each one of Christopher Marlowes plays is, in a sense, a tour de force, a special creat ion. The Jew of Malta, Dido, and The Massacre of Paris, though exuberant in passages of strength yet do non fulfill the requirements the informant himself had set up.The Jew, however, was very popular, being performed thirty-six times in foursome years, which in those days was an unusual record. Marlowes first and most important service to drama was the improvement of blank verse. Greene had condemned its use as being unscholarly Sackville and Norton had used it, but were non able to lift it above commonplace. In their work, it usually consisted of isolated lines, one following a nonher, with no mathematical group according to suasion. All the verses were made after one rhythmical pattern, with the akin number of feet and the caesura always in place.Marlowe invented numberless variations while still tutelage the satisfying rhythm within a recurring pattern. Sometimes he left a redundant syllable, or left the line one syllable short, or fly the coopd the position of the cae sura. He grouped his lines according to the thought and adapted his various rhythms to the ideas. Thus blank verse became a life history organism, plastic, brilliant, and finished. Marlowes second best gift to drama was his conception of the courageous tragedy built on a grand scale, with the three-fold unity of character, impression, and interest, instead of the artificial unities of time and place. originally his time tragedies were built either according to the loose style of the chronicle, or within the mechanical framework of the Seneca model but in either case the dramatic unity win by the Greeks was lacking. Marlowe and Shakespeare, with their disregard of the so-called classic rules, were in fact much(prenominal) nearer the spirit of Aeschylus and Sophocles than the slavish followers of the pseudo-classic schools. Marlowe painted gigantic ambitions, desires for unimaginable things, longings for a beauty beyond earthly conception, and sovereigns destroyed by the very pow ers which had raised them to their thrones.Tamburlaine, Faust, Barabbas are the personifications of arrogance, ambition and greed. There is sometimes a impinging of the extravagant or bombastic, or even of the puerile in his plays, for he had no sense of humor nor had he the ability to portray a woman. He wrote no drama on the subject of love. Furthermore, his world is not altogether our world, but a remote field of the imagination. It has been remarked that in Marlowes superb verse there is very little to indicate that the source had ever encountered any human beings. 1In spite of this, he was great, both as a dramatist and poet. His short life, the haste of his work, the irregularities of his habits, these things combined to keep him from perfecting the creations of his imagination. interpreted together, his plays imposed a standard upon all succeeding theatrical compositions. Before him, in England, there was no play of great importance but after him, and based upon his work as a model, rose the greatest drama of English history.A friendlier critic, Mr. A. C. Swinburne, observes of this poet that the father of English tragedy and the overlord of English blank verse was therefore also the teacher and the train of Shakespeare. In this sentence there are deuce misleading assumptions and two misleading conclusions. Kyd has as good a title to the first honour as Marlowe Surrey has a better title to the second and Shakespeare was not taught or guided by one of his predecessors or contemporaries alone.The less questionable judgment is, that Marlowe exercised a strong influence over later drama, though not himself as great a dramatist as Kyd that he introduced several new tones into blank verse, and commenced the dissociative act which drew it farther and farther away from the rhythms of rhymed verse and that when Shakespeare borrowed from him, which was sensibly often at the beginning, Shakespeare either made something inferior or something different.To su m up we can say that Marlowes major contribution to the Elizabethan drama is due to his vigorous and masterly use of blank verse (his mighty line) a poetic form consisting of unrhymed iambic pentameters which is much nearer to conversational, natural English than any other measured form. It is vigorous, flexible, and it can suit itself to the necessities of declamation, oratory, exposition, speechmaking, etc. , being used by Shakespeare himself to exceeding effect. The last but not the to the lowest degree famous Elizabethan we have to speak is Ben Johnson (1572-1637), who was an English renaissance dramatist, poet and actor.A contemporary of William Shakespeare, he is best known for his satirical plays, particularly Volpone, The Alchemist and Bartholomew Fair, which are considered his best and his lyrical poems. A man of vast reading and unparalleled breadth of influence on Jacobean and Caroline playwrights and poets. The second place among the Elizabethan and Jacobean dramatis ts is universally assigned, on the whole justly, to Ben Jonson, who both in temperament and in esthetical theories and practice presents a complete contrast to Shakespeare.Most conspicuous in his dramas is his realism, often, as we have said, extremely coarse, and a direct reflection of his intellect, which was as strongly masculine as his body and altogether lacking, where the regular drama was concerned, in fineness of sentiment or poetic feeling. He early assumed an attitude of pronounced opposition to the Elizabethan romantic plays, which seemed to him not only lawless in artistic structure but shadowy and trifling in atmosphere and substance. That he was not, however, as has sometimes been said, personally hostile to Shakespeare is clear, among other things, from his poetic tributes in the folio edition of Shakespeare and from his direct statement elsewhere that he loved Shakespeare almost to idolatry. ) Jonsons purpose was to present life as he believed it to be he was good acquainted with its worser side and he refused to conceal anything that appeared to him significant.His plays, therefore, have very much that is flatly offensive to the taste which seeks in literature, prevailingly, for idealism and beauty but they are, nevertheless, generally speaking, powerful portrayals of actual life. Jonsons purpose, however, was never unworthy rather, it was distinctly to uphold morality. His frankest plays, as we have indicated, are attacks on vice and folly, and sometimes, it is said, had important reformatory influence on contemporary manners. He held, indeed, that in the drama, even in comedy, the function of teaching was as important as that of giving pleasure.His attitude toward his audiences was that of a learned schoolmaster, whose ideas they should accept with deferential respect and when they did not approve his plays he was outspoken in indignant contempt. Jonsons complacence and his critical sense of intellectual superiority to the generality of mankind receive also a marked and disagreeable lack of sympathy in his portrayal of both life and character. The world of his dramas is mostly made up of knaves, scoundrels, hypocrites, fools, and dupes and it includes among its really important characters very few excellent men and not a single really good woman.Jonson viewed his fellow-men, in the mass, with complete scorn, which it was one of his moral and artistic principles not to disguise. His peculiarity comedies all belong, further, to the particular theatrical role which he himself originated, namely, the Comedy of Humors. In opposition to the free Elizabethan romantic structure, Jonson stood for and deliberately intended to revive the classical style though with characteristic good sense he declared that not all the classical practices were applicable to English plays. He generally bserved unity not only of action but also of time (a single day) and place, sometimes with expert resultant loss of probability. In his t ragedies, Sejanus and Catiline, he excluded comic material for the most part he kept scenes of death and violence off the form and he very carefully and slowly constructed plays which have nothing, indeed, of the poetic richness of Sophocles or Euripides ( rather a Jonsons broad solidity) but which move steadily to their climaxes and then on to the catastrophes in the compact classical manner.He carried his scholarship, however, to the point of pedantry, not only in the illustrative extracts from Latin authors with which in the printed edition he filled the lower half of his pages, but in the plays themselves in the scrupulous exactitude of his rendering of the details of Roman life.The plays mend the ancient world with much more minute accuracy than do Shakespeares the student should consider for himself whether they succeed better in reproducing its human reality, making it a living part of the readers psychogenic and spiritual possessions. Jonsons style in his plays, especial ly the blank verse of his tragedies, exhibits the same general characteristics. It is strong, compact, and sometimes powerful, but it entirely lacks imaginative poetic beauty, it is really only rhythmical prose, though sometimes suffused with passion.Last, and not least Jonsons revolt from romanticism to classicism initiated, chiefly in non-dramatic verse, the impulsion for restraint and regularity, which, making slow headway during the next half century, was to add in the triumphant pseudo-classicism of the generations of Dryden and Pope. Thus, notable in himself, he was significant also as one of the moving forces of a great literary revolution.

Racial Ethnic Groups in the United States

Even in 2013 racism and ethic differences ar a struggle in the unify States. This is brinyly due to the position that unlike fifty years ago when the sylvan was split unsloped unappeasable and white, there atomic number 18 straight off more races involved. Granted, the generations now be oft prison terms more knowledgeable about(predicate) the ethic differences, most male pargonntt see any harm in a person judged found on their fur color. withal, those who do unflurried find it a fuss guard taken it to the extreme to all in allow their opinions be known.Take for instance in week fives reading the hate that was betrayed against Asiatic Ameri houses in the radio show where everyplace two dozen Asian Americans were physically injured, thirteen of which had to go to the hospital because their African American classmates decided to fight. However that is not the worst come apart of that situation. Instead of the security guards and teachers doing any(prenominal)th ing to stop the hate, they let it continue. And this is in every race. Many people in todays day and age tend to pick more on the Hispanic groups of America.This is mainly due to the fact that a lot of them be not in the coupled States legally. Included in these races are people of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Venezuelan heritage. The main reason for umpteen an otherwise(prenominal) of these immigrants to come to the join States is to receive a break out life. But with this immigration mainly fail to assimilate flop to their local neighborhoods to drop dead the American expression. By assimilating in the get together States one(a) is able to adopt the cultural traits and/or identity of the swarm group, Americans, and/or integrate into the primary networks and secondary organizations of the troops group.(Feagin and Feagin)While orgasm into the field illegally the Hispanic race automatically puts a bad assay in most Americans mouths because on top of them coming into th e country without proper paperwork, they take a commission jobs that could be used for another(prenominal) Americans exclusively because Latinos are known for taking a lower return so that they may be paid in cash verses admit based on the simple fact that they do not realize proper documentation to be working in the United States. tally to Milton Gordon, author of the influential Assimilation in American Life, there are umpteen problems with assimilation.This though involved mainly European groups coming into the United States that they were not willing to adjust to the living styles of another country. This being the main problem of immigrants is that they will not forego racial difference to tick into the country. Gordon suggested that this will be the main problem with America in the future. (Page 31, racial and ethnical Relations Census Update, ninth Edition, 9E by Clairece Booher R Feagin and Joe R. Feagin, Pearson) This of take to the woods is not the case with all Latinos though. at that place are many people of these races that give out in the United States legally that are hardworking and want to the right on the American way. These are the kind of people though that end up braceting left in the dust because not many clear up that some people want to be a part of the country to that extend. These Latin Americans swallow fully comprehended the concept of acculturation, or cultural assimilation, which is the change of one groups important cultural patterns to those of the host or dominant group. (Feagin and Feagin) This doesnt mean though that Latin Americans, or any race, have to give up their finished cultural habits.It simply means that they understand that they came into a different country and they respect the fact that some things culturally are done differently. For instance there were many situations brought up in the video on 60 Minutes regarding the American Canal. Americans see that canal as a water source for their vegetable s in the winter, however those from Mexico see it as a dangerous way into the United States. This is of course a problem between the two races because the Americans dont timbre they need to alter the safetyof the canal so that Mexicans dont continue to keep drowning in the water in attempts to get into the country illegally.Asian Americans have a huge burden on them just like the Latino races scarcely its not as untold as being considered illegal. Their pressure is more of an educational outlook. They are expected to excel in school and get great grades at high education at the best colleges. Some of this plays into their benefit though considering the life they will be able to live by better educating themselves. They are pressured with these expectations through their own families though too.For instance it is assumed that if a Caucasian American meets an Asian American while they are at school, much(prenominal) as college, it may be assumed that the Asian American is favorab le at math. It might not be verbally said, scarce as Americans that is a trait that Asian Americans have always had. This is a trait though that does not , and should not, be given up with onerous to fit into the American way of life. If anything a trait like this completely enhances living in America. Take for instance the breakdown of educations in America.Asian-Indian Americans soupcon the country when it comes to obtaining a Bachelors degree from college with 70.1%, Chinese Americans keep an eye on with 52. 1% Filipino Americans 48%, Vietnamese Americans at 27. 8%, Asian-Indian Americans with 70. 1%, and White Americans with 30. 7%. (Page 338, Racial and Ethnic Relations Census Update, Ninth Edition, 9E by Clairece Booher R Feagin and Joe R. Feagin, Pearson) Even according to Gordon, the transition of Asian Americans into the United States society is a lot easier that other races and it has a lot to do with their ability to want to learn and help not however their grow an d people but the society of people in which they surround themselves.According to the seek done in the Feagin and Feagin text the amount of Asian students not only applying but getting admitted into college is increasing every year. A study shows that in 1979 2. 6 portion of students admitted into Brown University were of Asian descent. In 1993 however, it jumped to 14. 8 percent of the students accepted. Many researchers though such as James Madore of the Christian learning Monitor label Asian Americans as prototype minorities. However they still have their troubles.For instance the National Asian Pacific American run Association (NAPABA) argued with U. S. Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas for his use of the confines model minority when describing Asian Americans. Thomas argued that Asian Americans transcended the ravages caused even by harsh legal and social discrimination and should not be beneficiaries of political science affirmative action because they are overrepres ented in key institutions. (Page339 , Racial and Ethnic Relations Census Update, Ninth Edition, 9E by Clairece Booher R Feagin and Joe R.Feagin, Pearson)The term model minority can be taken as a good or bad quality as explained in the above paragraphs it is all a matter of who is saying it and in what context they are victimization the title. But it expresses the fact that Asian Americans still face hard consequences in the United States based on assimilation and acculturation because even though some of their traits from their own heritage are beneficial to Americans, Americans then feel offended that someone is coming into the country trying to take over schools and education.It is hard to be an immigrant in the United States and that is understood by a lot of people in the country. But at the same time Americans want to keep their reputation of living the American dream with cunning jobs and families that love and support each other with the right to stick up for what they bel ieve in and the will to pursue their dreams in whatever they wish. It is the some groups of Americans that have dressinged down to the immigrants of the country and have been belittled by thoseassimilating into the United States.It is these Americans that create the hate in the country against entire races verses individuals. It is the lack of education on Americans that plays into part of the frustration of the country. No one notices those trying to do things the correct way but that may be because there are so many immigrants in the country that are illegal and take advantage of the fact that they dont have to do anything to stay in the country. But this is not Living the American Dream.Immigrants that are taking advantage of any states aid, or not agreeing to file proper documentation to become a citizen to receive a softencheck instead of a lower pay but being paid in cash are a huge part of the problem. Taxes play into this just as much. Immigrants to America are not stupid. America taxes everything and everyone is required to pay them. Not everyone does though. Having many other races enter the country in this day and age gives those of this generation a clue to what happened many years ago when whites and blacks were ordered to stay separated.There are still parts of the country that blacks are not welcomed and they are discriminated against. It is just about as if no laws were overturned. Today there are still about eleven states in the country without a avenue dedicated to Martin Luther king Junior, and some states say they do not plan on including that street in the maps anytime soon. With racial issues just about always a battle it is almost near impossible to say that everyone one day will be entirely happy and created equal. The battle between White Americans against Asian Americans against Latino Americans and African Americans seems to be a never ending battle.In his research, Gordon believe that the consolidation of African Americans in to the core economy and society is well under way. (Page 205 , Racial and Ethnic Relations Census Update, Ninth Edition, 9E by Clairece Booher R Feagin and Joe R. Feagin, Pearson)This indicates simply that the full migration of different races, though thought to be primed(p) many years ago, still has many small details to be drawn out. Every person whom goes to school learns about the horrible way that African Americans were treated before any slavery laws were abolished.It is a part of any floor class at an early age. Every nestling in America should be able to answer simple questions such as what was Jim Crow segregation. Could this be that years down the road history is repeating itself only with another race, which race will it be? get out it be all of them? Will it be illegal immigrants? African Americans though were willing to fight for what they believed they had a right to, they stood up and protected themselves and many dies fighting for what they believe in, which is t he exact way that Americans are known to live their lives.That quality in itself is one of the most solid reasons as to wherefore African Americans are treated equally in America now as opposed to having different drinking fountains and bathrooms and having to sit in the back of the bus. Many of the challenges facing African Americans today are more subtle and involve a struggle that is more within the African American community than without. Many of these challenges involve fighting negative stereotypes that were born from renal pelvis hop videos or the misuse of power and authority by long-familiar figures in the African American community.The struggle involves pushing against institutional barriers that have been strengthened by those in favor of maintaining a historical actor or the status quo. For example, it oftentimes seems easier for city leaders to support the in the buff school district that originates the suburban community rather than funding the attempt inner city schools. And simply because an organization has never had an African American leader, does not mean that it never should.Finally, the struggle involves a continued aim to resist an apathetic attitude toward the problems in the African American community. In many instances, it is not the opinionated few who determine the overall outcome, but the indifference of the majority who are usually directly affected by the decision that they fail to be a part of. Discrimination is exposit as the actions carried out by members of dominant groups, or their representatives, that have a differential and harmful effect on member of subordinate racial or ethnic groups.Since times of racial issues the word discrimination can be used for other things also. Many people even in the year 2013 are being discriminated for physical or mental differences too. There is so much hate in the United States yet and many people are not aware of it. Discrimination due to skin tone, physical or mental differences can have long tern make on a person and often cause, like in the Asian cultures, attempts at suicide. These are actions that can be avoided if people would just educate themselves on the hate that is still in the world.

Cpk Case Essay

calcium Pizza Kitchen, Inc. (CPK) is a United States base dining restaurants chain. The company primarily offers a mixture of assortments of hearth-baked pizza pies, a simple variety of unique appetizers, desserts, pastas, salads, soups and sandwiches. CPK operates across more than 253 locations in 32 states, the dominion of Columbia and 10 foreign countries. It owns 205 and 48 franchised restaurants across the world and is headquartered at Dover, Delaware.An external analysis of the California Pizza Kitchen reveals several challenges facing the traffic Political, economical, social and technological changes to be specific. CPKs communication strategy focuses on marketing the California Pizza Kitchen brand through many seminal and non-traditional avenues. As one of the pioneers of premium pizza, they continue to benefit from field of study media solicitude featuring their co-founders and co-CEOs, Richard Rosenfield and Larry Flax, this is believed to provide CPK with a notewo rthy competitive advantage.New restaurant openings, high-profile fundraisers and media events before long serve as the focal point of their public relations and media outreach efforts. As early as 2009 CPK landed a sponsorship agreement with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim and the Los Angeles Kings to promote California Pizza Kitchen at Angel Stadium and STAPLES Center, respectively. In the same social class their public relations efforts led to coverage on a national level in various outlets including the Business Week Magazine, ESPN the Magazine, Los Angeles Times, USA Today, debate Street Journal, The View, FOX National News and CNBC Power Lunch.CPKs heading is to expand its leadership position in the restaurant and premium pizza market by selling original, high quality pizzas in increase to creative salads, distinctive pastas and related products and by providing extraordinary customer service, so building a high degree of customer loyalty, brand sentiency and superior returns for stockholders.To reach these objectives, CPK plan to increase the market share by expanding their restaurant base in new and existing markets, leveraging their partnerships in non-traditional and retail channels and offering inventive menu items. CPK is pursuing a disciplined growth strategy that, to be successful, depends on the qualification and the ability of franchisees and licensees to open new restaurants and to operate these new restaurants on a fat basis. Successful growth depends on numerous factors including the hiring, training and retention of subordinate working ersonnel, especially managers competition for restaurant sites negotiation of favorable guide terms timely development of new restaurants, including the availability of construction materials and drive management of construction and development costs of new restaurants securing required governmental approvals and permits competition in our markets and general economic conditions

Immaculate Perception

The side of immaculate perception is a false one. righteous perception describes a pure and un sully perception, one that has no bias. prepossess is acquired with populates and teachings, both of which create expectancy, which taints perception with bias. One may argue that a newborn baby has immaculate perception, a clean slate with no expectations or sensory faculty conditioning. However, this point bunsnot be proved because where is the division amidst the experiences of the mother and the baby, or is in that respect even a division amidst the twain? Does the babys formation count as an experience? With no fresh answers to these suspenses how can immaculate perception occur in reality? This question leads to another one. What is reality and how does it relate to perception?Reality is the truth that we analyze to ultimately reach by means of perception as we sort by dint of our sense datum. Yet, this truth can vary between people. The conclusion or truth that people search for through perception analysis can be determined by ones own needs and expectations. Though both creatures may be exposed to identical stimuli and sense datum their inferences achieved through perception will vary greatly because each has a tainted or biased perception. For example, a human and a frank be both put in a forest where they are alienated and must find their way home office.The person will rely super on sight to sort through the wilderness and arrive home safely because he has conditioned himself to rely heavily on the sense of sight while, the dog may rely on scent more so then sight to track his way home. Both founder perception that has been flawed or somewhat polluted. Both the human and dog are exposed to the same stimuli yet they each perceive their situations differently. This is cod to their biased perception, the human through anterior experiences has conditioned himself to perceive his experiences generally through sight while the dog has done the same but with smell, neither has an unprejudiced perception because both have been conditioned through experiences.Perception is realizeled and created by experience. The goal of perceiving is to know your surroundings. However your surroundings control your experiences. Therefore perceiving is a way of analyzing your experiences. But if this is true then there is no such thing as immaculate perception.Every individuals experiences are each unique. The way in which they are accepted or jilted depends on cultural conditioning as well as previous experiences. With this bias no one can claim to have unswayed or virgin perception because it has been trained to only acknowledge trusted elements of the surrounding. For example, I have been trained to rely on sight to pucker the bulk of my knowledge of my surroundings but a blind person would have trained their senses or perception tools very differently having no sight. Therefore each experience and the sense datum gained f rom it would be different.The stance of immaculate perception claims that since the act of perceiving has no bias each experience for every person results in the same knowledge. This is false because it is impossible for two beings to infer the same information from a protocol. In a globe made of unique creatures its impossible for immaculate perception to exist.

Should a Piece of Literature Be Judged on Its Literary Merits Alone, Regardless of Its Historical Context?

Steven Brust once wrote In my opinion, the prim way to judge a novel is this Does it give one an blameless reflection of the moods and characteristics of a particular group of people in a particular place at a particular time? If so, it has value. Otherwise, it has none. (Brust, Steven. 2005. Sethra Lavode). Brust, rather clearly has joined this debate regarding literary theories. He claims that if aspects of literary piece, digression from its own merits, are not signifi give the gatet then it has no worth.It is continu wholey and widely argued by critics of lit whether a book should be base on its literary merits alone, or if only certain aspects, such as business relationship, regarding its writing should be relevant. The relationship betwixt invoice and literary make up is often questioned. There are four main pretences that obligate been devised to apologize this. The first regards a piece literary work as usual and belonging to no time period. The pretense states that historic setting has no significance in literary texts, and that both should remain autonomous from all(prenominal) other(a).Critics are concerned with literary texts being artefacts in themselves that surpass the possibilities of a particular time, thus the psyche of special(prenominal) diachronic context of use is dismissed. R. S. unfold supports this view and in an essay said record is part of the everyday history of culture whereas books should be imaginative works considered with comply to those qualities which can truly be said to be timeless preferably apart from any knowledge of their origin or historical tie-in (Crane, Ronald. 1967. History versus Criticism in the study of literature, in The idea of the Humanities and Other Essays Critical and Historical, Vol. 2. Chicago University of Chicago Press). In short, this position centres around the basis that a literary work should be judged on its, as Crane said, timeless qualities for example the quality of its linguistic features and other aspects that give a work literary merits. The second warning regarding history and literature is based on the idea that the historical context of a literary piece helps lead to proper understanding of it.A text is produced inwardly a certain historical context but this should remain part from the literary context. This model is often favoured by critics that analyse literary texts by considering their historical background and context. This can be regarded to any aspect whether it is political, ethnical or linguistic. A 1934 study by Basil Willey The Seventeenth ascorbic acid Background Studies in the Thought of the Age in Relation to verse and Religion shows even by its title a support for this model.It is implied that Willey and akin(predicate) critics agree that historical context forms a foundation of understanding when canvas a literary text. They would argue that literary work in enunciate to be analysed must be understood and to be un derstood inescapably to be looked at in respects to its historical context. The third model when looking at the relationship between pieces of literature and history is essentially the opposite of the second. It centres on the idea that a literary piece can help us understand the time in which it is set.This is explanation talks ab by realist texts in particular and how they can provide creative depictions of historical events or periods. It assumes that literary texts are al around subordinate to their historical context and they are reflections of their time. For example Keith Thomas appeals to Shakespeare to in effect(p)ify this point of view In Shakespeares plays, the curses pronounced by the characters invariably work not just for dramatic effect but that it as a moral requirement that the poor and the injured should be believed to have this power of retaliation when all else failed (Thomas, Keith. 971. Religion and the Decline of Magic Studies in Popular Beliefs in sixte enth and Century England. London Wensfield and Nicolson). This model is cognise as the reflective approach, it regards literary work as an aid to develop our knowledge of history using the historical context of a literary piece. The last model regarding literature and history is probably the most complex, though it is also seen as the most interesting to theorists. It claims that literary texts are connected with other discourses and this makes literature itself a part of history that is continually being written.Critics that agree with this theory, widely known as refreshing historicists, argue that the question of the relationship between history and literature is wrong despite their differences the last three models assume that history and literature are fundamentally separate. They distinguish between the interpretations of literary texts and the foil of history. Stephen Greenblatt writes in an essay methodological and self-conscious is one of the distinguishing marks of th e new historicism in cultural studies as opposed to historicism based upon faith in the transparency of signs and nterpretive procedures (Greenblatt, Stephen. 1990. Towards a poetic of Culture, in Learning to depone Essays in Early Modern Culture. London Routledge). Hence, new historicists argue that the making of the literary texts is a cultural practice, and only differ in their specific mode. No absolute distinction can be made between literary and other cultural practices. Theorists such as Hayden White, claim that this model implies that just like literary texts the facts of history need to be hire (tracing the past is similar to telling a story).In an extract from Whites book, tropical zone of Discourse Essays in Cultural Criticism, He writes Histories ought never to be read as unambiguous signs but rather as symbolic structures, extended metaphors, that liken the events reported in them to some form with which we have already become familiar in our literary culture By the very constitution of a set of events in such a way as to make a comprehensible story out of them, the historian changes those events with the symbolic significance of a comprehensible plot structure. (White, Hayden. 1991. Tropics of Discourse Essays in Cultural Criticism.Baltimore The John Hopkins University Press) Considering this we would come to the conclusion that methods of (critical) abbreviation should be suitable for both history and literary texts. In short, a new historicist perspective think that in the reading of a literary text the idea of historical context cannot be settled, and that this context is heady by a negotiation between the text and the reader Ultimately, the bulk of literary theorists fall on the side that accepts the use and aid historical context when critically analysing a literary text.Only the first model seems to on the whole disregard historical context in literary work for the judgment that a piece of literature should be timeless. The second a nd third model accept historical context as part of the method of analysing a literary piece. However, still confidently differentiate between literature and history, they are seen as merely aids for each other.The last model is set apart from the rest as it does not polarise the categories and treats them as to intertwine subjects that cannot be considered without each other. In my opinion historical context should be relevant to the reading of literary text, it is inevitable that the two should intersection point especially during an in depth analysis of a literary text.

Resourcing and talent planning assessment Essay

This assignment testament be investigating what constitutes beaver practice in reanimatement and weft, and explain what strategies should be utilized to ensure the best satisfactory and approximately effective employees atomic number 18 selected. In particular this essay willing focus on The use of logical argument descriptions, personal preconditions and competence frameworks. Analysing the briny enlisting and selection methods.Explaining the main rule that impacts on enlisting and selection. Describing how squashs of example are established.At its core, recruitment and selection is abtaboo attracting and employing the most fit and capable individual that will add value to the organisation. Marchington and Wilkinson (2008, 223) explain the vastness of recruitment, Staffing and resourcing, and in particular recruitment and selection, is a critical feature of HRM in all organisations, irrespective of their size, structure or sector. at once an organisation has determ ine that a nihility has arisen, it is best practice is to complete work abstract to identify the key duties and responsibilities of the consumption. This is used to create an up to watch theorise description and personal specification for the new problem role. It is important that these documents are reviewed, as the existing versions whitethorn non include key duties and skills that the role as evolved to demand. In some cases the put-on description and personal specification will not father been reviewed since the old employee was appointed. Well written job descriptions should identify the duties and responsibilities candidates should expect to undertake if happy.They should likewise include a job ennoble, location of come out and reporting structure. Personal specifications should identify the key attri scarcees required, much(prenominal) as qualifications, experience and attitude. They to a fault often include any additive requirements such as a driving licenc e / requirement to spark and so forth These attributes are often split into essential and suitable areas. Once these have beenfinalised they can so be used to advertise and recruit a new employee, either by advertising directly (company intranet / website, local anaesthetic press etc) or used to give an economic consumption agency / recruitment consultant a basis from which to work. These documents may also inform questions asked at oppugn.Leatherbarrow and Fletcher (2014, 76) reason the varied use of job descriptions, In addition to their use in recruitment, job descriptions have a key role in other activities, such as identifying training adopts, and introducing or reviewing a job evaluation scheme and other systems of payment.However, not all HR experts comply on the usefulness of job descriptions, as demonstrated by Marchington and Wilkinson (2008, 236), contempt being widely used, job descriptions have been heavily criticised for being modify and increasingly irreleva nt to modern conditions, symptomatic of what is seen as a collectivist, heady and more(prenominal) rules-orientated culture. If an organisation chooses not to use a personal profile, they may instead use a capacity framework.These often have a greater emphasis on the skills an individual has, such as communication skills, people management, customer service, problem solving etc, rather than the previous experience or qualifications. Leatherbarrow and Fletcher (2014, 179) explain competency frameworks, Similar to personal specifications, competency frameworks outline a list of characteristics which are required by the post holder. These may be organisation-wide competencies or specific to the job such as attention to detail or numeracy perhaps for an accountant.When recruiting for a vacancy there are various methods that can be used, depending on if the vacancy is to be advertised internally (to existing employees) or externally (to the general public). Sourcing candidates intern ally can ensure talented employees stay within the organisation merely it often does not negate the need to recruit externally, as another(prenominal) vacancy will invariably arise in the department the successful candidate originated from. Internal recruitment can be done comparatively cheaply and quickly the vacancy can be advertised through with(predicate) staff notice boards, company intranet or company-wide e-mails. If internal recruitment is not an option /has been unsuccessful, companies will the need to advertise to a wider audience. An employer will need to decide which method of recruitment is most suitable for the role and organisation. commonplace recruitment methods include advertising on the companys own corporate website, using internet based jobsites, recruitment agencies, local or national press, job centre plus or employee referral schemes. The CIPD resourcing and talent supply survey (2013) lists the top 5 methods of recruitment as,1) Own corporate website 62 %2) Recruitment agencies 49%3) Commercial job boards 38%4) Employee referral schemes 33%5) professional networking (such as linkedin) 31%The method used will depend on a number of factors, as Armstrong (2012, 22) discusses, The criteria to use when fashioning a alternative are 1) the likelihood that it will produce good candidates 2) the speed with which the select modifys recruitment to be completed 3) the cost involved, bearing in musical theme that there may be direct advertising costs or consultants fees. some other factors that need to be taken into consideration include the job role / target audience, location of post and success of previous methods, for example, if the vacancy is for a gameyly experienced and qualified professional, the labour market is probable to be much tighter that if the vacancy is for an entry level administrator. Therefore it craps reason to advertise to a national market to generate a higher(prenominal) number of suitable applications. Upon placing the job advertisement, an employer also needs to decide on the initial selection method that will be used to enable them to create a shortlist. This could include requesting a CV and / or crown letter, application forms, online applications or email or telephone enquiries.Once the recruitment bring has been completed and the applications have been received, shortlisting and selection can then begin. Applications should be shortlisted according to the same criteria, which should berelevant and non-discriminatory. Personal specifications can also be used at this stage, and applications assessed to see if they meet the essential and desirable criteria set forth. Applications can then be sorted into 3 areas, as described by Armstrong (2012, 227), Following the analysis, applicants can be sorted initially into three categories achievable, marginal and unsuitable When there is a large field of applicants with many another(prenominal) possibles sifting may have to be repeated against more cockeyed criteria until a shortlist for interview is identified. Once a shortlist has been agreed, best practice is to notify the unsuccessful applicants by letter or email, as agreed by Leatherbarrow & Fletcher (2014, 192), A courteously worded letter or email should then be sent to the rejected applicantsAt this stage the employer also needs to decide which further methods of selection they will use on the remaining applicants. The most common method of selection is known as the classic trio, of application form, interview and references. However, although the most common, this does not make it the most effective this method is often highly criticised by experts. Other selection methods include group interviews, assessment centres, competency tests, work trials, psychometric testing and work samples.The most effective selection processes involve more than one method of selection, such as a structured interview alongside a work sample test. Marchington and Wilkinson (2008, 250) citing data from Robertson and Smith (2001) discuss selection techniques, most techniques have very low levels of accuracy in hurt of producing effecting selection decisions. Of techniques used on their own, work sampling offers the highest likelihood of success, closely followed by intelligence tests and structured interviewing.During the recruitment and selection process, organisations mustiness be mindful that they are complying with all laws that impact the process. One of the major(ip) laws that effects the recruitment and selection of staff is the Equality Act 2010. This decree simplifies and strengthens previously existing legislation. The Equality Act 2010 legally protects people from unlikeness in the workplace and in wider society. It replaced previous anti-discrimination laws with a single Act, making the law easier to understand and strengthening protection in some situations. It sets out the different ways in which its unlawful to treat someone. adminis trationEqualities Office (2013).The Equality Act 2010 covers 9 protected characteristics, as follows successionSexReligion / BeliefsDisabilityMaternity / PaternityRace sex activity reassignment / TransgenderSexual orientationMarital statusThese characteristics are protected against the 6 types of discrimination, which are direct, indirect, discrimination by association, victimisation, harassment and perceptive discrimination.Other legislation that impacts the recruitment process include the Working Time Regulations 1998, National minimal Wage, the Data Protection Act 2007 and the safety and Immigration Act 2004. In addition to civil action, should an employer found to be in breach of the Asylum and Immigration act they can face criminal action, with penalties including large fines and possible prison sentences. Therefore it is vital that all candidates / employees are able to append proof of their right to work in the UK.Upon completion of the recruitment and selection process, and the successful candidate has accepted, a embrace of employment has been established. ACAS (2014) describes tailors of employment, A contract of employment is an agreement between an employer and employee and is the basis of the employment relationship.A contract of employment sets out the rights and duties of the employee, and does not necessarily need to be in writing, although it is best practice to be in writing, signed and dated. The contract of employment provides protection for both employer and employee, and provides clarity to the working relationship. The contract of employment is considered to havecommenced from the date the employee has verbally accepted the role. If the employee declines to sign the written contract, but starts / continues to work, legally it is considered that the employee has accepted the terms and conditions set out in the contract of employment.The contract of employment differs to the written description of particulars as the contract of empl oyment is more expansive, and generally encompasses the information required within the statement of particulars. It is a legal requirement that most employees receive a written statement of particulars within two months of commencing employment. Contracts of employment generally include the following information. identity element of parties, i.e. employer / employeeEmployment start dateSalary / hourly rate, and the intervals at which the employee will be paidHours of work and any terms and conditions related to this spend allowance and paySickness allowance and terms and conditionsJob titleTerms and conditions relating to pensionsInformation on contracting-outNotice periodEmployment type, i.e. temporary, heady term, part time etc.If fixed term, the expected end date of contract. Location of work, and any expectancy for travelGrievance procedure whatever collective agreements in placeLength of probationary period whatsoever other terms and conditions that are applicable to the emp loyee and job role a great deal disciplinal procedures in in employment contracts, however it is best to neglect this information and have it as a separate policy. If an employer chooses to include the disciplinary procedures within the contract but does not follow them, the employer can then be sued for breach of contract.Employees and employers are also expected to adhere to the implied terms of contract. These are not written down but should naturally happen, such as the employer providing a safe workplace and paying the employee promptly etc. Lewis and Sargeant (2013) explain the use of implied terms in the event of a disagreement, The society wishing to rely on an implied term must satisfy a court either that such a term was so pellucid that the parties did not think it necessary to state it expressly (the officious bystander test) or that such a term was necessary to give business capacity to the relationship.The recruitment and selection process can be considered one of the most important aspects of a HR professionals job. Recruitment can be costly, and staffing costs are one of an organisations biggest expenditure. An effective and thorough recruitment and selection process should limit the impact on the organisation and ensure a high calibre of candidates and employees. Following all applicable laws, and setting out a clear and concise contract of employment provides protection for both parties, and provides the substructure for a harmonious working relationship, in which booth employer and employee are certified of their rights, duties and obligations.BibliographyM. Marchington & A. Wilkinson, 2008, Human Resource Management at Work 4th Edition, London, CIPDM. Armstrong, 2012, Armstrongs Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice twelfth Edition, London, Kogan scallywagC. Leatherbarrow & J. Fletcher, 2014, Introduction to Human Resource Management, guide to HR in practice, tertiary edition, London, CIPDGovernment Equalities Office, updat ed February 2013, accessed 04/12/2014, https//www.gov.uk/equality-act-2010-guidanceCIPD, 02/12/2014,http//www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/survey-reports/resourcing-talent-planning-2013.aspx ACAS, 06/12/2014, http//www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=1577 D. Lewis & M. Sargeant, 2013, Employment Law the essentials, 12th Edition, London, CIPD