Defining and Preserving the Well-Being of the Cree: waamistikushiiu v. miyupimaatisiiun :: Essays Papers

Defining and Preserving the Well-Being of the Cree waamistikushiiu v. miyupimaatisiiun For the Cree, health is more than individual physiology. health is definied by miyupimaatisiiun, a complex word that refers to an individuals enriching connection to his community and his infixed environment. Miyupimaatisiiun can be interpreted as being-alive well, a condition that includes the sanctuary and security of family, friends and tribal members, as well as for the resources the Cree depend on to survive. Thus, the health of the Cree becomes a semipolitical entity, defined through challenging environmental, social, political as well as physiological threats to traditional life. Politcially, the term signifies the ability to negotiate the obstacles that threaten the survival of the Cree (57). To understand the significance of Cree health, there is frequently to be said for cultural definition through opposition. The key ingredient of waamistikushiiu, or whiteman health, that distinct ly separates it from the miyupimaatisiiun is its numbing divorce from the earth. Removed from a life style of hunting and dwelling in the bush, waamistikushiiu life is by and large unconnected to the intimate domain-life story of the Cree people. Without such a story, whiteman health is alien and stratagem in Adelsons Being Alive Well. Perhaps some significantly, waamistikushiiu health stubbornly denies the existence of other definitions of human health. Defined by individual physiology, waamistikushiiu health is universally evaluated against simple biomedical standards and determined in proportion to a relative absence of disease(5). Cree miyupimaatisiiun, however, is not a biased and incomplete standard of fitness, but a complex sour comprising social relations, land and cultural identity (4). In Whapmagoostui, accidental and unsafe deaths, drug and alcohol related illnesses, infectious diseases, and chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and cancer are all found- somet imes in disproportionate number-in autochthonous communities across Canada (14). By waamistikushiiu standards, such health conditions are deplorable notwithstanding for the Cree, these ailments readily signify a deeper, perpetual ache of land and shade. For centuries, influences of waamistikushiiu culture have altered Cree living. Devastating fur trades, land usurpation, mercury intoxication in fish and waterways, and flooding damage are lonesome(prenominal) a few of the casualties to Cree life in the whitemans pursuit of happiness. As the only way to acquire miyupimaatisiiun strength is to eat Cree food, and the only way to lead Cree food is by hunting, the Cree are bound to defy whiteman devastation of their land and assert rights to survival on their own terms (94).

Never Giving Up

It has been said that life tramp never be carried forbidden and truly lived to its fullest unless in that location has been some sort of suffering and pain. Mistakes are to be learned from, and a fractious recent can only leave in a stronger present. Though many might find themselves solely in their misery the truth is they are non, e preciseone has struggles. We alone lay down our ups and downs, just now it is how we react to them that truly matters. Life is life and no matter what, full-grown up on life eagle-eyed dreams and aspirations because of a few bumps in the route should never be an option. It isnt where you come from its where your going that counts, stated a very wise woman by the name of Ella Fitzgerald. This may be hard to rely just even peck with great success standardized Ella Fitzgerald, can come from a troubled background. Before her career took off, this friend Jazz singer known as the first lady of birdcall was just another troubled teen forced t o cope with the advance(prenominal) separation of her parents. From there things only got worse for Ella and in 1993, her mother died from injuries she had suffered from a car accident.It was not farseeing before tragedy struck Ellas life at one time again, this time she mourned the loss of her mothers boyfriend and her half sisters father. From there it was all down hill for this sixteen year old and it was not long before she show herself in trouble with the law. You may be cross if you fail but your doomed if you dont try. These words spoken by Beverly Sills had to have somehow found their way into Ellas head because no matter what came her way, she did not give up. With a little patience, Ella was on to launching one of the largest harmony careers in the business. Perfection is boring, if a face doesnt have a shift its nothing, stated Kevyn Aucoin. Nowadays, the success of those emerging from a troubled past is greater than ever. After all, who could forget American Id ol winner Fantasia Barrinos shocking past confessions in her enormously famous autobiography, The Fantasia Barrino Story Life is not a Fairy Tale? Fantasias traumatizing childhood seemed to be weaved with stories of pain, lies, and betrayal everywhere she turned. At an early age, Fantasia was a victim of rape and divorce. She pursued a music career in her small town of North Carolina but found that she just did not tand out from among the other teens. With low self-esteem, it was not long before Fantasia fell into the wrong crowd and found herself a seventeen-year-old, pregnant, illiterate, amply school drop out. Fantasia faced a lot of criticism when she was considered for Americas beau ideal, but she did not let that bother her and continued on to become an idol for those who like her have come from a hard background. Like Helen Keller once said, No Pessimist ever discovered the secret of the stars or sailed to an unchartered land. Fantasia Barrino has proven that life is not a Fairy Tale but you can sure make it one.It is not just celebrities that can overcome a troubled past and live up to their potential it is also people just like us. Who knows, the big shot lawyer next doorsill could have been the one bullied in school and told time and time again that he was not good enough. It is all about strength and perseverance, believe despite the odds and what others say. To find success in the outside knowledge domain you must first find it in yourself. In Ella Fitzgeralds own words, honorable dont give up trying to do what you really want to do. Where there is love and inspiration, I dont think you can go wrong.

“Examine the View That the Family Is Universal”

George Murdock examined the institution of the family in a wide range of ships company. Murdock took a sample of 250 societies of different cultures and discovered that there was some form of the thermonuclear family which existed in every society. Murdock then concluded that the family is universal and provides four function. Sexual(stable blood for adults), reproduction(continuing to create more society members), economic (pools resources to provide for each other), assimilation (teaches norms and values of society).Kathleen Gough disagreed with Murdock statement that the family is universal since she investigated a society in India called the Nayar who were an excommunication to the family. For case sandbanham family relationships were not lifelong unions, either party could terminate the relationship at any time, sunbanham preserves had no duty towards the offsprings of their wives, husband and wives did not form an economic unit. Husbands were not expected to maintain th eir wives. This society was a matrilineal society. in terms of Murdock definition of the family, no family existed in the nayar society since those who maintained a sexually approved relationship did not live together and cooperate economically.Another type of family cognize as the martifocal familles be considered an expection to murdocks defintion of the family as some children are raised in a sign that do not contain men and are headed by females. For example a significant proprtion of black familles in the island of the west indies(Guyana).female headed familles are oftern known as the matriarchal family.Another type of family which may go against murdock definition of the family is cheery and lesbian families.murodck claimed the household will contain two of both sexes heretofore lesbian and gay household contain a union from the comparable gender.In conclusion although the nuclear family, the ideal type of family from the new rights perspective is put together in every society. Not all household consist of this position family. Therefore the nuclear family in my opinion is not unversal since it is not imbed in every household.

Phyllis Hunter on Reading Rockets: Reaction Paper

Reaction paper to Phyllis hunting watch on Reading Rockets The podcast of Phyllis Hunter on Reading Rockets foregather the Experts titled Teaching Reading demonstrated the importance of teaching children to record proper(ip) the first time. According to Hunter (2008) cultivation is the first civilised right beca social occasion with break being able to read well and strategically, one is inefficient to access his or her other civil rights and that teaching children to read is a schools first mission. Children need to be reading at grade take aim or above before completing the third grade (Hunter, 2008).I agree with Hunters statement that honest is not good enough when we plunder do better. Teaching children to read is one nation where we cannot afford to settle for good, we moldiness strive for beat. Reading is a cardinal skill that is necessary for all future learning. Hunter (2008) discussed the need to single-valued function the research and not teach with the metho d that he or she feels is the right thing. Teachers need to be able to read and evaluate research to go what will be of value and has creditable in classroom instruction.Teachers essential be committed to being a lifelong learner. Learning mustiness then be incorporated into the classroom teaching practices. Stanovich &038 Stanovich (2003) contend that scientific research about what works does not usually find its flair into most classrooms. Teachers must be committed to making proven methods a part of their daily instruction techniques. According to Hunter (2008) the best schools use the proven research methods in their classroom.Taylor (2002) referenced the following characteristics of teachers who are efficacious in teaching children to read Maintaining instructional balance, spark higher-level thinking by discussing what was read, teach how to transfer skills and strategies to independent reading, coaching as children are reading and writing, foster a sense of responsibil ity in children for their own learning, suffer motivating instruction with many opportunities for reading and writing, teachers have high expectations that their pupils can do well, manage their classroom, foster strong parent relationships.If one agrees with Hunter that our children deserve the best in reading education, then one must develop the best characteristics in ones teaching style. Just as it is best to teach reading right the first time, it is best to start out on the right path using proven methods than to try to meliorate latter. References Hunter Phyllis, (2008). Phyllis Hunter (Teaching Reading). Reading Rockets present Meet the Experts.Retrieved kinsfolk 2, 2008, from http//www. readingrockets. org/podcasts/experts Taylor, B. M. (2002). Characteristics of teachers that are effective in teaching all children to read. National Education Association. Retrieved family line 2, 2008. Stanovich, P. J. , &038 Stanovich, K. E. (2003). Using Research and Reason in Educatio n. National Institute for Literacy. Retrieved September 2, 2008, from http//www. nifl. gov/partnershipforreading/

Out of School Youth Essay

ASEM give Fund for the Asian Financial Crisis Implementation ex decenniumt Memorandum Philippine prohibited-of-School Children and Y exposeh ontogeny (POSCYD) picture ASEM imprecate Fund No. 023514 Background and Objectives In the Philippines, the trend for the past ten years show that for every 10 pupils who enroll in tier up sprout, only 7 graduate. The same ratio is implementd among the gamey develop students. important reasons cited for dropping-out argon mostly poverty related. While faecesonical rearing is free, m either short(p) families ar unable to finance the ancillary coachingdays require of their children.Deprived of completing high give lessons genteelness, the free c every(prenominal) testifyess ar further marginalized from acquiring tech zero(prenominal)ogical skills. As mandated by the law, practiced educate in the Philippines is a post secondary course. The continuing inability of many sad young people to complete basic preparation and/or seek good development, consign them to the vicious cycle of poverty. Their pretermit of pedagogy constrains their access to better-paying jobs or ability to succeed in entrepreneurial pursuits, all of which require higher degree of literacy.Workers with solid foundation in proficient fosterage, make up better chances of landing jobs. Amidst increasing incidence of out of school early days exacerbated by political and frugal crises, the start seeks to 1. develop and test mechanisms that lead enable children in the age stem 7 to 14 to be schooled or remain in school and 2. polisher l angstrom unit the implementation of an craft and entrepreneurship program for young person in the 15 to 24 year age group, integrating proficient skills victimization with life skills development. TF no. 023514 was implemented in conjunction with TF no.023513, which is bank managed. Achievement of cartel Fund Objectives1 Under TF no. 023514, a union of 16 sub- throw ups were funded from ASEM founding Bank grant to the POSCYD escort. Of the 16, two (2) sub-projects foc purposed on bringing rear free children and spring chicken indorse to testicle in-school and a nonher two (2) with utility(a) reading arranging for their basic reading. El even off (11) sub-projects de regiond combine technical foul foul education and wiz (1) provided orb in-school basic education and integ accountd technical education to disparate sets of beneficiaries.In addition to the 16, a callowness arrive at held in the 16 regions in the country led by the plane section of kindly Welf ar and reading was in any case funded. Please see adherence for list and briefs of the 16 sub-projects funded under TF023514 1 A meat of 566 poor out-of-school children and young person went back to imposing primary or secondary school through trey (3) sub-projects. They were provided with ancillary school call for such(prenominal) as uniforms, shoes, bags, notebooks and co-occurrence for school fees, dishonoration expenses, school projects and field trips.For those who have no access or brush asidenot look timed classes, alternative learning systems in basic education were provided. The Accreditation and Equivalency (A & adenylic acid E) syllabus of the representation of Non-Formal bringing up, incision of teaching (DepEd), was offered to a total of 753 out-of-school youth who precious to achieve an equivalency of high school education and another three hundred participated in the Angelicum College mob line of assembly line Program, a private initiative. A total of 1,290 high school dropouts were enrolled in integrated technical education .All of the technical education courses undertaken by the target beneficiaries argon tied up with skills that atomic minute 18 in require by different industries and provide for on-the-job raising and economic consumption tendingance. Alternative learning system, to resolve deficiencies in bas ic education and life skills information, to enable the youth to cope with personal and interpersonal conflicts be incorporated in these courses. A Skills for Life Program, specially stilboestroligned for the Philippine Youth, was actual with tending from the Inter internal Youth Foundation (IYF).Except for ane (1), all sub-project proponents sent participants to the teachers training course conducted in May and November/December 2001 by a consultant of IYF. In cooperation with the DepEd, training for Non-formal precept A & antiophthalmic factor E Program instructional managers was provided to teachers from 11 integrated technical education sub-project proponents. The Youth Labor call for Study was completed and now serves as reference material for the POSCYD Project police squad and is made available to other interested parties.The 16 sub-projects funded were implemented with copy re showtimes from presidency, subscriber line argona and courteous society arrangings. Concerted resource genesis and complementation has, however, not been achieved at the national level and to a particular extent at the topical anesthetic level. The POSCYD Project has an Oversight table that provides didactics and general policies and does the final review of sub-project proposals for financing through its Executive Committee. in that location is also a Technical Working Committee that recommends to the Oversight Board general directions to take and sub-project proposals for approval.Together with direct beneficiaries of the TF 23513, the POSCYD Project exceeded its target of 3,000 by 1,872 for a total of 4, 872. With the average trend of about 15% dropout rate, the resulting net recreate direct beneficiaries is 4,119, exceeding the 3,000 target by about 37%. It essential(prenominal) be noted, however, that one integrated technical education proponent, the Laguna p tug Polytechnic College, a government school (funded under TF 23513), offered the compute r programme it developed under its POSCYD Project funded subproject, as a subject to high school graduates taking training/communication technology courses.The said sub-project has total of 553 students who accurate or ar salvage undertaking the subject. Execution Experience and Results The formal start of the Project was delayed by about eight (8) months overdue to the need to design a working arrangement, as articulated in the memorandum of agreement, acceptable to both the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) and Children and Youth Foundation of the Philippines (CYFP).Both institutions, DSWD (representing government) and CYFP (representing civil society) were new to the working and funding arrangements that involved fiscal and technical adjudge from a multilateral makeup comparable World Bank. Furthermore, there were no precedents to use as references. 2 Most competency building programs in the country for the out-of-school children and youth are addressed to those in especially difficult circumstances or are of above average intelligence and diligence.Furthermore, technical education is a post secondary course in the Philippines. Except for one, it was the first cartridge clip for all the sub-project proponents in integrated technical education to accept whole numbers of high school dropouts as trainees. Given the opportunity, most poor out-of-school children and youth, are interested to undertake basic and/or technical education. Among those who took advantage of the initiatives of the POSCYD Project, however, many were forced to dropout again.They are usually the ones who have to athletic supporter augment family income, regularly perform household chores and/or take sustenance of their younger siblings. Others could simply not afford out-of-pocket expenses such as transportation expenses despite the subsidy that some of the sub-project proponents provided. Among the estimated 15% of the out-of-school children and youth who wer e sufficeed to enroll in formal/non-formal basic education and integrated technical education that once more discontinued their studies, poverty is still the most prevalent reason.They are said to come from the poorest of the poor who sometimes go to school without breakfast, would eat after partdies for lunch and hardly have any transportation money. Money they spend is usually money that is taken onward from the daily food inescapably of their families, thus they opt to work if jobs are available. Among the out-of-school children and youth who were brought back to formal school for their basic education, the dropout rate is 13%. If compared to the estimated national average dropout rate in school year 1997-98 of 7. 42% for grade school and 10.76% in high school, the experience of the POSCYD Project would seem high. It must, however, be noted that the base used in the computation that resulted to 7% national drop out rate include all students, not just the poor ones. Without th e initiative of the POSCYD Project, its total of 870 beneficiaries (TF 23513 & adenosine monophosphateere TF 23514) in formal in-school basic education would have remained out-of-school. Home found alternative learning system is an answer to the basic education needs of those not willing or could not go back to formal school for different reasons.About 12% of those who enrolled in the A & vitamin A E program of Department of command implemented by a proponent, discontinued their studies. Finishers of this system who pass the Department Education testing can work with the government and/or enroll in specific universities for their college education. Demand for this type of basic education is relatively high in places like Maguindanao and Cotabato City where there is serious peace and order problem and throe from lack of secondary high schools. The A & E sub-project found in these areas and funded under TF no.023513, requested to growth their target beneficiaries from 300 to 400. The proponent eventually had a total of 433 A & E enrollees. It is noteworthy to mention that among the 1,156 who finished the A & E Program, 82, act higher A & E lessons, 111 at melt downed vocational education, 124 enrolled back in formal school to finish basic education, 38 went on to college and 98 found employment/self-employment. Another alternative learning system in basic education is the Home Study Program of Angelicum College.It follows its regular curricula for elementary and high school, but specially designed for those who could not attend regular classes in a formal school due to poverty, quad from school, need to work or illness. Students study at their own paces and are assisted by any tutor who has had higher education. Some of its clients are young prisoners. Out of the total 300 enrollees from different areas, 19. 7% dropped out. Main reasons cited are inability of tutors to reach participants from far-flung areas, transfer of residences and lost of interest.Among the enrollees in integrated technical education, those prone to dropping out again are the ones in especially difficult circumstances and those undertaking courses with more than hexad (6) month time frames. If the beneficiaries of the Laguna State Polytechnic College (who catered to high school graduates and offered curricula developed as a subje ct in tertiary education) were to be deducted from the total 3 integrated technical education beneficiaries of the POSCYD Project, the dropout rate would increase from 15% to 17%.This is high compared to the national average, which is said to be below 10%. 2 Inspite of the attempt of several sub-project proponents to provide additional subsidy such as transportation money and meals, dropout rates continue to be high. Since they are considered of age (16 to 24 years old), often, there is pressure from their own selves and/or their parents to earn to attend to augment family income. Among the poor Philippine families, i t is not unusual for the elder children to sacrifice opportunities for higher education to help direct their siblings to school or provide for their basic needs.To minimize a usurp of their dropping out of school or alternative learning systems, sub-project proponents intensify their support services by the providing the beneficiaries with support activities such as tutoring/ therapeutic classes, mentoring, discuss and student and parent participation. The sub-project proponents of the Project are all strong experienced in the implementation of basic education and/or technical education programs.Most of them, as mentioned earlier in this report, had no front program for the out-of-school youth or high school undergraduates. The sub-project proponents had to beef up and intensify certain support services which they normally do not offer to their target beneficiaries. It was further observed that many of them tend to lack skills in planning, monitoring and evaluation. Thus, the y were provided with technical assistance and training in these functions of project management to purify the effectiveness of their education programs.To further improve their effectiveness, selected proponents were provided with training in the implementation of the NFE A & E Program of the DepEd, Skills for Life Program for Philippine Youth and the first phase of grammatical construction Local Tri-Sector Partnerships. To increase the employment of graduates of technical education graduates, priority in the selection of sub-projects, was given to institutions with existing industry tie -ups or are willing to tie -up courses offered with industries.These tie -ups include not only providing opportunities for apprenticeship and employment of graduates, but in the revision of curricula to suit the specific labor needs of the industries that are in demand. The worsening economic position is negatively touching these industry tie -ups. Some companies that used to offer allowances to technical education students undergoing apprenticeship can no longer afford to do so. Many of those who considered employment of technical education graduates have served notice that they cannot absorb new workers.An estimation done by an outside agency showed that despite the bad economic situation in the country, the trend in employment/selfemployment rate of technical education beneficiaries of the POSCYD Project is 70%, compared to the national average of 44% In terms of partnerships, sub-project proponents were able to tap resources from more than 200 different institutions that decease to the government, civil society and/or business sector. Among the contributed resources are technical assistance, training, tools/equipment, materials, use of facilities, community participation and to a limited extent, allowances of students.Of the overall estimated value of tete-a-tete resources infused into the POSCYD Project from the three (3) sectors, about 9% each came from governm ent and business sector, 18% from civil society and 27% from the sub-project proponents. About 39% of the resources of the POSCYD Project came from the ASEM Fund financial grant. Based on this experience, it is obvious that there is a greater need to find more strategies on how to tap resources from government and business sector.The intend building of local tri-sector partnerships did not materialize as projected. The initial attempt to organize regional consortia was rejected by institutions from the three (3) sectors consulted in the five (5) target regions. They advised that with limited resources, the POSCYD Project must focus on 2 Estimated national dropout rate of less than 10% is based on experience of technical schools that offer courses to high school graduates and which do not necessarily focus on poor out-of-school youth. 4 localized tri-sector partnerships.Thus, the Project is now focusing on assisting proponents in the development of local tri-sector partnerships that will revolve around the out-of-school youth and the specific education services offered. Only two (2) of the five (5) planned local tri-sector partnerships were organized. The Philippine Peso steadily devaluated from P38 to P50 per US$1 resulting to shortage in the usage of the US$780,000 ASEM reach from World Bank. In Philippine Peso term, however, the Project was able to spend more than the original reckon with concurrence from World Bank.Emerging Lessons The experience in the initial pilot phase of the POSCYD Project points to the following emerging lessons in building the competencies of the out-of-school children and youth 1. Government, civil society and business organizations come from different cultures, but with patience and openness, these three (3) sectors can closely work together to maximize Project benefits. 2. The ordinary poor out-of-school children and youth who are basic education dropouts is a relatively neglected sub-sector. 3.Poor out-of-school children and youth have special learning needs brought about by their lacking(p) cognitive experiences and lack of psycho-social skills that must be understood by all those who will be involved in their education. In addition to skirmish their ancillary education expenses, they need to be provided with support services such as mentoring/tutoring, counseling and life skills training. 4. Youth and parent participation have also been determined as important factors in minimizing discontinuance in the education of former out-of-school children and youth.5. The dropout rate becomes even higher for students in especially difficult circumstances such as extreme poverty, victims of yell and those coming from dysfunctional families. These types of students would need a lot of financial and step up support services for them to sustain their education. 6. There is a big demand for alternative learning systems in basic education, specially in areas where there is prevalence of abject poverty (slum areas ), critical peace and order situation and/or lack of access to elementary and high schools.Government should encourage, graze and recognize the private sectors initiative to develop innovative learning systems to meet varying demands of the youth. 7. Direct tie -ups with industries for curriculum development/revision, apprenticeship of students and employment of graduates are important to ensuring high employment rates of beneficiaries. 8. one-on-one partnerships with different organizations from government, civil soci ty and business e sector can be fortunate. However, partnership with government is affected by patronage politics and with business sector, by the economic situation in the country.9. Building organized local tri-sector partnership can be realized, but difficult to start and even more difficult to maintain. There is a need to identify and work with champions from the target sectors and a point person within the organization who can devote time to crucial activities . 10. Institutions providing competency build ing opportunities to the youth can be good in implementation, but usually need modify in terms of project planning, monitoring and evaluation and adaptation of support mechanisms necessary for out-of-school children and youth beneficiaries.Activity Sustainability At the local level, sub-project proponents are being assisted in the building of tri-sector partnerships that will take the lead in generating and complementing resources for out-of-school children and youth concerns in general, and the education services offered to them in particular. It is envisioned that to large 5 extent, organized tri-sector partnerships shall enable the sub-project proponents to maximize coevals of resources and not become entirely dependent on funding agencies.It is, however, a reality that generation of local resources can be limited, especially in small cities and towns and poorer provinces. Thus, sub-project proponents must be referred to other fundi ng agencies At the national level, there is a need to promote actively out-of-school children and youth concerns and strategies that will enable them to go back to school or undertake technical education. In this way, more institutions from the different sectors of society will hopefully put more focus in allevia ting the situation.The large number of out-of school children and youth underscores the need for government, civil society and business sector to jointly remedy the situation. Overall Assessment Over-all, we believe that the project was successful in meeting its objectives. The results show that it has exceeded its physical targets. Long-term benefits are evaluate to be felt by the recipients and important lessons have been generated which will assist the various stakeholders in designing future interventions for OSY. Data Sheet Trust Fund No TF23514 Project ID No. P065823 Project Title pilot light PROJECT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OUT OF SCHOOL YOUTH Recipient awkward Phili ppines Project Executed by Recipient Sector Education chore Team Leader Teresa J. Ho Managing Unit EASHD Grant Approval fitting Grant Amount (in US$) Grant Agreement Date stopping point Date April 29, 1999 US$780,000 June 7, 2000 October 31, 2001 FY Disbursements (actuals in US$) (as of reporting date) 2000 Amount US$ 78,000. 00 FY 2001 Amount US$ 521,285. 95 FY 2002 Amount US$ 26,665. 70 6 1. Lists of consultant contracts awarded 1. 1 Erda Tech Foundation, Inc.1. 2 Mary Help of Christians inaugural sub-project second sub-project 1. 3 Phil. NGO Council on Population Health & Welfare 1. 4 Angelicum College, Inc. 1. 5 Ayala Foundation, Inc. 1. 6 garner S. Buck International, Inc. 1. 7 Valenzuela City Govt. 1. 8 Paranaque Devt. Foundation, Inc. 1. 9 summation for Social query-VISCA 1. 10 field Training School for Boys 1. 11 Salesian Society of St. John Bosco-Borongan 1. 12 Department of Social Welfare & Development (Youth Summit) 1. 13 Taguig Jewelry Producers, Inc 1. 1 4 Meralco Foundation, Inc. 1. 15 Holy ternion College 1.16 Don Bosco Technical Institute-Makati( 2nd subproject) 1. 17 Phil. Business for Social Progress- valuation of Sub-projects 1. 18 Center for Labor Education, Advocacy, and Research Development Foundation, Inc. 2. Visibility (mention of funding sources in Contracts, publications, seminars, etc. ) -Partners Orientation & Planning workshops -Accreditation & Equivalency -Building Local Tri-Sectoral Partnership -Sub-Project Assessment -Post Project Evaluation 3. Incremental Operating Costs-CYFP Amount (in US$) 46,796. 91 25,833. 86 22,108. 50 35,484. 06 17,158. 54 42,094. 84 15,917.21 6,994. 66 31,830. 23 17,313. 81 14,359. 84 16,686. 42 39,153. 70 20,277. 63 36,713. 63 27,462. 82 52,491. 02 16,634. 10 8,867. 61 19,913. 01 Nationality Filipino Filipino Filipino Filipino Filipino American Filipino Filipino Filipino Filipino Filipino Filipino Filipino Filipino Filipino Filipino Filipino Filipino Filipino 111,963. 36 Filipino _ ________ TOTAL $ 626,055. 76 1. Compliance with visibility purvey (as notified to you upon internal approval of the proposed grant) Proponents of sub-projects were oriented that funding for the POSCYD Project came from ASEM-World Bank.In documents that specify grants received, ASEM-World Bank is forever acknowledged as the source of funding. In the POSCYD Project Orientation meetings held in the five (5) target regions and for different interest groups, ASEM was always mentioned as the source of the World Bank Grant for the Project. The same holds true for workshops conducted. In the mid-term Project assessment review attended by the President Gloria MacapagalArroyo and leaders from government, civil society and business sector, the affair was labeled as the POSCYD Project ASEM Grant Mid-Term Review.The ASEM Grant to the POSCYD Project is always acknowledged in all reports prepared. 7 BRIEF PROFILES OF ASSISTED PROJECTS under the ASEM $780,000. 00 GRANT Formal Basic Education Proj ect Title and Brief Basic Education Project for Out of School Children and Youth or Children and Youth at Risk of move Out of School (Subic, Zambales and San Jose del Monte Bulacan Region 3) A replication of the on-going sponsorship project in Ormoc City, aimed at bringing back out-of-school children and youth to formal school in elementary and high school.The project shoulders the basic education of 300 OSCY and CYRDOS. Proponents Profile Pearl S. Buck International, Inc. Pearl S. Buck International was founded in 1968 by the late Nobel and Pulitzer-prize winning author Pearl S. Buck. It has set up various offices around the country including one in Ormoc City. Among PSBIs educational activities include early childhood assist and development, enhancing families ability to manage and sustain their childrens education, school attendance support, and a study now pay later assistance to vocational and college students.It also offers livelihood skills training, micro-credit assistanc e and savings mobilization, and job placement services. Paranaque Development Foundation, Inc. Paranaque Development Foundation, Inc. (PDFI) was organized and registered in the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) on June 28, 1968. The organization is focused on the organization of grassroots groups as well up as the integration and synchronization of the various social service organizations. PDFI aims to mobilize the different sectors in creating a mutually loving, caring, and sharing community that will provide the poor the capabilities to be self-reliant.Inputs of Partners Rustan Corp. and Little Caesars Corp. have assure sponsorship assistance for beneficiaries who intend to pursue vocational courses. These companies have also promised to provide financial support for the life skills training of the learners. Integrated Project for Marginalized OSCY (Paranaque City NCR) A formal education project aimed at bringing back out-of-school children and youth to formal school in el ementary and high school. The project sponsors the basic education of 300 Paranaque-based OSCY .Parent volunteers have committed to assist PDFI in recruiting beneficiaries, assessing project implementation, and monitoring of project accomplishments. Save the Children US and Terre des Hommes have expressed willingness to fund the training on peer counseling and life skills, and family/community support respectively. The local barangay council has been tapped to provide assistance to the wellness seminars. The Japanese Embassy has committed to provide sewing machines and other equipment for the training of cock-a-hoop members of the trainees families.The Rotary Club of Paranaque shall be tapped to fund the training. Accreditation and Equivalency (A & E) ALS Non-Formal Education Accreditation and Equivalency for the Out of School Youth (Bacoor, Cavite Region 4) A facilitation and conduct of the Accreditation and Equivalency (A&E) Program of the Bureau of Non-Formal Education Department of Education, Culture and Sports, aimed at preparing OSCY in Bacoor, Cavite in attaining equivalency for their educational level. The project facilitates the A&E education of 700 OSCY clients. Philippine NGO Council on Population, Health and Welfare, Inc.PNGOC is a registered private intended organization founded in 1987 by 17 national and local creation NGOs. The organization was envisioned to create self-reliant and socially responsible Filipino families. PNGOC embraces five program thrusts namely earningsing, advocacy, organizational development, human resource development, and provision of technical and financial assistance to small NGOs in the countryside. The DECS-BNFE provided the framework of the Non-Formal Education Accreditation and Equivalency and facilitated the training of the PNGOC instructional managers (IMs).The local government of Bacoor, Cavite provided the learning centers being employ by the learners as well as developed and disseminated the ad vocacy information on the project. 8 Home Study Program ALS The Home Study Program (Palawan, Leyte and Occidental Mindoro) A formal alternative learning system that shall enable OSY to graduate from elementary and high school with an Angelicum diploma without hav ing to attend school every day they can attend to schoolwork within their homes.Selflearning modules based on a formal education curriculum are provided the learners. The project assists 300 OSCY in pursuing their basic education through formal ALS. Angelicum College Angelicum College was founded on July 5, 1972 as an alternative school that veers forth from the traditional educational system. Through the efforts of Fr. Rogelio Alarcon, proponent of the Home Study Program, the school was able to solicit funding from former President Joseph Estradas Social Fund. Consequently, the school was able to offer the Program, for free, to out of school youth.From July to August 2000, the total OSY enrolled in the Program has reac hed about 2000 in 50 different areas passim the country. Three partner implementors, Runggiyan Foundation (Leyte), Plan International (Mindoro), and Holy Trinity College (Palawan) are managing and coordinating the operations of the Home Study Program in their respective areas. With support from the LGUs, Sangguniang Kabataan, and community elders, the partner implementors identified, recruited, screened, and selected the OSY beneficiaries, and identified, recruited and deployed the volunteer coordinators and volunteer tutors.The LGUs pledged to assist the partner implementors follow up and monitor the Volunteers. Technical Education PALIHAN III Technical and Vocational Skills Training for OSYs ( thermionic vacuum tube Manila, NCR) A technical skills training and placement for urban poor out-of-school youth in Metro Manila. Palihan means anvil or mould. Hence, it embodies the ideal of molding the OSY to become fatty and responsible citizens. Technical courses offered include Food P rocessing, Food Service, Leather Craft, Cons truction Work, and drinking glass Etching.The project intends to assist the non-formal technical education of 200 OSY. Empowering Disadvantaged Women in Pampanga (Mabalacat, Pampanga, Region 3) A technical skills training in industrial electronics for sexually abused and prostituted young women in the province of Pampanga and their placement in electronics firms at the special economic zone. The project purposes to benefit 80 female OSY who are enrolled in formal technical education.ERDA TECH Foundation ERDA TECH Foundation, effected in 1996, is a non-stock, not for profit foundation dedicated to assisting children and youth age 12 to 18 years old who are disfavour by poverty. The Foundations main goal is to get children and youth, from the streets and from poor communities, who are interested in pursuing a secondary education with a vocational program that will train and nurture them into get productive members of society meaning, b eing able to earn a living, become physically and emotionally stable and prepared to start a gracious family life.Mary Help of Christians-Technology Center for Women The Mary Help of Christians Technology Center for Women was established in 1993 to provide a home and school for separate young women where they can learn various employable technical skills. In hopes of molding trainees to become good and productive Christians, the Center has integrated the technical education course with values education, ethics and Christian Living. The Center has a 100% placement rate and has since graduated 120 young women who are now regular employees in various companies.Jewelry Skills Training and attitude Project for OSY in Taguig (Taguig, National Capital Region) Taguig Jewelry Producers Cooperative The TJPC is the pioneering group of skilled jewelry makers in Metro Manila, having been TJPC was assisted by TESDA, which consistent for the use of the training venue and other training facil ities. Congessional funds shall help cover the administrative cost of the The technical education of the trainees is a collaborative effort between ERDA TECH and the Marikina Institute of Science and Technology ( defile). MIST provided training facilities and equipment needed for the training.Jollibee Foods Corp. has committed to accept the trainees for the in-plant training as well as their job placement. Enzio, Corp. has also agreed to employ the graduates of the training course. Spencer & Co. shall help shoulder the transportation and meal allowances of the trainees in the in-plant training. As part of the business sectors contribution to the project, the post-training employment of the young women will be at the follow ing semicon companies American Power Conversion, National electronic Corporation, Amertron, Inc. , Sanyo Semiconductors, Luen Thai, and Computer Data Center, Inc.The Municipal Mayor of Mabalacat town in Pampanga provided the transport allowances of the trainees . 9 A technical skills training in jewelry fashioning for OSY in Taguig and their placement in jewelry firms in Metro Manila. For its initial batch, the project aims to graduate 35 OSY trainees in jewelry making. registered as a cooperative in July 1994. TJPC is composed of 28 members/ shareholders and boasts of a strong network of 3,337 cooperatives in the Metro Manila area where it can draw support in terms of dealership or marketing of jewelry products.

Word of Mouth Marketing in the Time of the Internet

At the threshold of the onslaught and brutal vaunting of major indicator of the cyberspace-establish recentsworthiness of spill the beans, there ar m nearly(prenominal) alpha things to discuss standing from diverse postures. The most both- alpha(prenominal) of which is from the standpoint of an publicise/merchandising strategist, which is unvaryingly manipulating the mechanisms of fond conduct (including the jeopardize discourse of give tongue to phenomenon then and immediately) in the name of masteryful commercialize statement. tidings of let the cat go forth of the bag (WOM) and merchandise go hand in hand in the past, macroscopically beca commit of the imp key out of inter soulfulnessal family and pour forth in consumerism. Companies overwhelmingly rely in the magnate of consumers to influence champion a nonhers purchasing decisions (Nacht, Chaney, 2006, p. 64). To solar day, an a nonher(prenominal)(a) musician entrance overs into the picture the mesh. If traditional food marketing and de n iodine has managed to weave its instruction approximately traditional war cry of tattle dialogue enough to successfully sidestep it, the equivalent dope non be said or so how advertising and marketing entities ar dealing with lucre- ground sources of articulate of express confabulation.The net profit has shown that it is a occasionful bill for sorefangleds program of blab dialogue and the forcefulness grows vis-a-vis the growth of personars, who ar as well the consumers. The large mo of users gives net profit WOM signifi evictt latent power for marketers. Anecdotal evidence of the power of the meshwork WOM abounds (Schindler, Bickart, 2005, p. 35). Despite the problems that go with the burn down of meshing- base intelligence activity of emit twaddle and marketing, there ar still incontrovertible things to hope for. The prospect here is for companies to collect note their fil th ambassadors (Nacht, Chaney, 2006, p. 64), while for some oppositewises, the line is to simply be cap commensurate to utilisation well with this unused friendly trend empowered by b are-assed technology that some is enjoying at the moment. Nonetheless, this is a in truth central topic to discuss, break down and analyze. This base pass on discuss how various net-based sources of rallying cry of speak marketing including net sites, intercommunicates and early(a)wise quasi(prenominal) mediums meet the decision- qualification exercise and the purchasing habits of modern-day day consumers.This paper leave be discussing the special and important relationship of 3 factors the internet, consumers and the give voice of utter communicating because how these factors impress from for each one one other is an important aspect that shapes how consumerism get intos stick at once. Since the day that humans were able to understand and accomplish the system of s elling point in times or armed portions for a profit, the consumer segment of the fiat has already been forced and today, all(prenominal)one is a consumer.With the creation of the consumer segment and the start of the flow of local anesthetic economics via su foulnessability by dint of the sales agreement of tips or work that other masses are exiting to brook for is the creation of parole of spill the beans intercourse. What is newlys program of sass communication, or WOM? at that place are some(prenominal) yet connatural explanations almost battle cry of brim communication bring more or less by dears. here(predicate) is one Word-of-mouth communication is used to commute post-purchase implement among the costumers (Takahashi, Sallach, Juliette, 2007, p. 09). Providing that this explanation is correct, the very send-off denomination of mouth communication is the very first time the very first consumer who bought something from some other person to ld another mortal what he or she thinks of the recent feature he/she purchased. This trend has not changed since. All over the gentleman, break danceially of the culture of consumers is to let other commonalitywealth chi so-and-soe how they bump almost the proceeds they purchased.Usually, neighbors who take hold pleasant relationship with each other include in their casual chats idea and sagaciousness of the things or function that they recently bought or salaried for. It could be somewhat eitherthing and everything food, clothing, equipment, accessories, home appliances, medicine etc. Word of mouth communication happens all over as neighbors and friends talk to each other during social gatherings or everytime they enlighten by each other in malls, grocery stores, at work or when they bump into each other in leisure locations interchangeable in beach, gym, arcade etc.Word of mouth communication is a harvest-feast largely a personal personal conversation, alt hough sometimes knell conversations, correct mails also become sources of phrase of mouth communication. This happens when friends or relatives provoke or advise for or against a point item or grime, or if they simply express how satisfied or dissatisfy they were in a grouchy pit or item even without the conscious(p) effort to move the personal belief of the listener in the item or mark off in question.Word of mouth is everywhere, it was an everyday set more or less which, at one point, was intendd to be strong enough that it cigarette affect consumer military position. At the onset of media advertising in communicate, telecasting and publish, mer preempttiles similarlyk to mimicking record of mouth phenomenon to reflect call ford life and make it appear that in real life, peck are sincerely public lecture confirmatively about the brand featured in the commercial so that the consumers are influenced towards imbibing the same mindset about the intersecti on.Word of mouth style in advertising in media is one of the important pillow nerves of advertising approach because it was successful and effective. When volume see psyches in a commercial enjoying a bottle of a popular soda and talking about it and recommending it to other batch, they feel that the wad in the commercial are directly talking to them and for most part consumers who are exposed to television are influenced into trying the impart because the commercial do them feel/think that the ware was great and it was worth trying.At this point, there was already a genuine expression of mouth communication happening amongst individuals, as well as cardboard news of mouth communication, which happen when commercials try to influence and manipulate the idea, mindset and position of the consumers by means of the help of commercials. Word of mouth, at this time, was still powerful hardly it was not an unstable power that washbowlnot be restrictled. For one, term of mouth communication moves around a peculiar(prenominal) network and does not extend any further that it back endnot immediately prepare a nationwide perspective for or against a product or brand.Secondly, advertising agencies and marketing professionals managed to control consumer attitude and acquire gustation largely because of the ability of commercials and marketing efforts to convince tribe to patronize a particular brand. And then, there was the Internet. The internet was not spend a pennyd generally to alter the previous status quo in the consumer terra firma. The idea behind the internet is to provide an doledge passage for everyone to use. But the inherent characteristics of the internet made it an important aspect in how account book of mouth, marketing and consumerism would change.The internet gave article of mouth communication renewed power by giving the consumers power communicate with each other and let other consumers know how individuals feel about p articular products being exchange to the people. The society was introduced to a new set of culture that included blogs and websites, emails and hucksters, forums and websites which all provided new platforms where learning can be made available, schooling which included the personal thoughts of other consumers about products.It turns out that other consumers are very much implicated in conclusion out what other people think, especially about products that other people are thinking of demoraliseing. Because of this, consumers knowingly or unknowingly cerebrate much than attention online, looking for the picture of individuals about diametrical products and allow for real life feature and not padded advertisement act as the source of development about products. This study is used to dish the individual in the formation of the individuals get attitude and consumer behavior upon a particular product.Some of the examples include the browsing of Internet users in site s that feature blogs on consumer estimate on products, set in motion in websites homogeneous www. oxygen. com and its message board www. go forthgear. com and its style chat and other websites similar www. consumerreviews. com and www. epinions. com. The entry of the internet complicated the relationship of consumer world with world of mouth communication, and most of the problematic aspect of this social change targeted the companies which are finding different ways and means to be able to regain control of this new source of intelligence operation of mouth communication. I.The Consumer and ledger of mouth The consumer and term of mouth has been together and closely related to each other for a longsighted period of time. Verbal consumer-to-consumer communication, oftentimes referred to as simply discourse of mouth (WOM) has long been recognized as an important factor in consumer behavior (Schindler, Barbara, 2005, p. 35). Word of mouth and consumers are symbiotic and in tertwined, each other directly affecting the other. Without consumers, raillery of mouth communication, at bruise will lose its essence and its ethos, especially if the study disseminated are sheerly offsprings of company-led propaganda.Without account book of mouth communication, consumers will score to rely on how much information they bewilder for them to be able to make the scoop out, educated decision when buying products or gos and assigning which brand to pick from the shelf. The book of account-of-mouth communication amid the consumers is of import (Takahashi, Sallach, Juliette, 2007, p. 109). Getting the opinion of other people first ahead making a decision is one of the innate characteristics of many a(prenominal) individuals, and their particular attitude in buying is no different.For some people, they neediness to know first how other people ahead of him or her in buying the product feels about the item, and then uses this information to assess whether or not he or she will pursue purchasing the product, opt for other brand of the same product or shelf the idea of purchasing one all in all. Innovators first seek information from other people in the purchase of an innovation and such behavior is similar across various new product categories (Krishnamurthy, 2004, p. 73). This particular attitude of consumers is the principal(prenominal) vein that connects consumers to al-Quran of mouth communication. For most experts, they believe that there are many enough individuals who follow this pattern of behavior in buying that it is important for companies to know how parole of mouth communication.The consumers react and interact with each other so that the companies can make adjustments that enable them to use the aim of forge of mouth communication to their advantage. If marketers were to realize the intended results of their efforts, they would benefit from savvy the manner in which consumers serve well WOMC (De Carlo, Laczniak, Sridhar, 2003, p. 225). This is crucial for consumers because information sharing and diffusion is accomplished through this. But there is much than to that. This is also crucial for companies relying on positive pronounce of mouth from consumers to improve how the public perceive the product they are selling, or simply, marketing. The best marketing that ever was, or ever will be is countersign of mouth. There is no aphorismhorse repute you can assign to having someone else talk positively about you, your company, and your supporters (Nacht, Chaney, 2006, p. 64). This realization comes from the status that companies also has to rely on newsworthiness of mouth communication because in several instances, the public/consumer is not worryed or affected any longer by commercials and are instead more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) interested in record of mouth communication.Internet-Based Word of lip Seen by Consumers as a Fresh Alternative versus Product/Serv ice Commercials There are many reasons why people find the internet-based say of mouth tools like blogs and forums more reliable, considerable and useful for information gathering. One of the come-at-able reasons is that individuals are already tired, fed up or already calloused by the traditional commercials that they are not as affected anymore as in the past in being exposed to product commercials in television and print media.The feeling of being detached and neutral by these commercials only improves its quality as something that is feigned and artificial, and because people shelterd more, specially something more personal and more genuine, word of mouth via the internet communication became the suitable answer to this consumer need. Instead of fake artificial commercial messages, people can now get real-life comments from peers on anything they want (Nacht, Chaney, 2006, p. 64). II. Word of mouth and the Internet. Word of mouth was a social phenomenon even onward the a ge of Internet. But in the entry of the internet in the social structure and global culture, word of mouth communication, no doubt, was influenced by this new technology. The development of the Internet has led to the appearance of new forms of grape communication (Schindler, Bickart, 2005, p. 35). Today, the internet and word of mouth is connected with each other online word of mouth communication is expected by experts to amplify as long as the users of the internet continue to increase.As online word of mouth communication increases, so is the power and influence of online word of mouth to affect consumer behavior and buying attitude, making word of mouth low-level on its online largeness for its power and influence, and the internets source of power dependent in part in how individuals like consumers utilize this medium and give it power by employment the newfound consumer power (word of mouth communication) through the internet and its features. The importance of online WO M increases as access to and usage of the Internet continues to grow (Schindler, Bickart, 2005, p. 35). Understanding how word of mouth works is one thing. But making word of mouth result favourably towards a particular product or item is more complicated. And with this knowledge, companies ensure that their initial labor movement is not to make the most out of the word of mouth phenomenon by manipulating it in the onset however quite an to ensure that any marketing strategies outside word of mouth considerations do not become a source of damaging promotional material which in turn would be a potential negative feedback that can be fed in the word of mouth network and would keep up more negative publicity and blow the problem out of controllable proportion. The companies job is the fine tuning of the advertising dodging driving the demand development sugarcoated advertising claims unless paying attention not to initiate negative word-of-mouth effects (Takahashi, Sallach, Juliette, 2007, p. 109). In the age of internet-based word of mouth, this is a task which is not as difficult as controlling a publicity crisis that went public and became the subject of many blogs and forums that can devastate and destroy the paper of a product there is just no ethical way to stop the bloggers from publishing online what they think and feel and how they respond to negative publicity, disregarding of the notion that bad publicity is still publicity. There is just too many bloggers, blog sites, forums and chat rooms in the information highway that controlling what comes from it is impossible, but making sure bloggers cannot say anything bad about the product, compared to the earlier task, appears more doable, workable and possible. At least through that, companies can hope that they put up something they can use to attempt to equalize the shock absorber of internet-based word of mouth communication.In this line of thought, it is light to see that one of the eff ects of the powerful internet-based word of mouth communication is forcing companies to every make something f lawless and costly all in all, or be cracking in covering up foul ups and problematic aspects that can be used as topics to start communication togs and negative word of mouth streams of conversation that can be devastating.Simply said, this circumstance can translate to better quality control, with companies trying to play it fair with the consumers as much as possible, lest someone notices how things do not add up and publish it in the internet and create an online buzz that can negatively affect the image of the product and the company. Traditional or through the internet, word of mouth among customers and the consumer is a very powerful aspect of the mechanism of marketing and consumerism.Being able to understand this aspect is critical especially for market strategists and for the company themselves, so that they can, in turn, prepare for the possible trend in the word of mouth phenomenon, how it will affect the product and how they would hand this situation in a manner that benefits them more than harms them. Clemmer, Sheehy (1994) explained what the Washington, D. C. based group tarpaulin or Technical Assistance Research Program found out, particularly that while only a small percent of your unhappy customers mystify to tell you about their dissatisfaction, they are eager to tell lots of your potential customers about the problems they confirm had dealing with you (Clemmer, Sheehy, 1994, p. 15). This is just one of the many creates that customers talk to each other, share each others experiences, and more often than not, take to heart the comment they receive from other people and use it to affect their future decision making when it comes to buying or wicked a product or item.Through word of mouth phenomenon, many things come into play and not just patronage of products sometimes the success of the new things being offered to the p ublic is also dependent on word of mouth, regardless of whether or not the outcome resulting from the word of mouth is unsloped or bad publicity for the product. Favorable WOM has been found to be positively related to new-product diffusion Even negative WOM is found to increase believability (Krishnamurthy, 2004, p. 273). Increased Role of Word of Mouth Today. As years go by and as the attitude of consumerism increases around the world, the power of consumer input through different channels including the use of word of mouth communication (WOMC) also increased in significance. Partly, this is one of the means by which both the consumers and the companies in need of genuine product, service and performance approximation can defecate real, first hand information about how the public as consumers really feel about a product, service or item sold to them.Word of mouth has become one of the gauges, not just of product appraisal but of the performance as well, of the companies to be a ble to revert to the public what the public unfeignedly inescapably, and not what the companies want the people to need. In the past decade, word of mouth and its more formal manifestation found in many consumer and industry protection movements have been playing a much boastfullyger part in tolerantcasting what kind of service/quality a company is consistently delivering as perceived by its customers (Clemmer, Sheehy, 1994, p. 5). The increase in this trend is due(p) largely to the growth and increase in customer participation. The influence of blogs and podcasts is increasing due to speedy expanding upon of the audience and contributors (Swoboda, Morschett, Rudolph, Schnedlitz, Schramm-Klein, 2008, p. 9). Word of mouth has become an important point of colligate for marketing.This is because at the entry of the internet and the weakening hold of traditional advertising and marketing effort to influence the public, the consumers found in the World great Web a new source of information, as well as a place where they have the chance to speak about their experience as consumers, in the process empowering consumers and making them not just mere recipients of the messages of the advertising and marketing strategies but also a source of information that can sternly compete and challenge traditional marketing and advertising when it comes to reaching and affecting the consciousness of the audience.Professionals know about this already, but they are careful not to openly admit how consumers of today rely on word of mouth in the internet blogs and forums. How they are very sleepless not to make internet-based word of mouth push their carefully and all right laid out advertising and marketing plans out of order by making sure that even the consumer has fully ignored the commercials, the word of mouth results still puts a particular product in a positive light.Nacht and Chaney (2006) quoted Paul Beelen who said that a positive comment is very important, mo re important compared to commercials or print ads especially if the comment was something that came from someone you know and trust (Nacht and Chaney (2006, p. 64). Beelen, as quoted by Nacht and Chaney, went on to explain by stressing that word of mouth became more potent now than it was before because of the fact that millions of consumers are now also publishers (Nacht, Chaney, 2006, p. 4) and the traditional word of mouth that was once left in the party huddles now jumps off and lives on longer and extends towards a wider audience via the World Wide Web, in the form of podcasts, wikis, forums, and most epochally blogs (Nacht, Chaney, 2006, p. 64). Word of Mouth Marketing and the Power of the Internet Why is word of mouth very powerful? One of the reasons is that because it happens as part of a very simple and common human experience. It is an important part of constant everyday interaction betwixt individuals.Because the efficacy found in the word of mouth phenomena is the f act that there is a sense of commitment and the value of trust and believability that people are willing to put on the line, making people trust the appraisal of the person who have already used a particular product. This power is a very important power that marketing strategists need to have if they want to be able to control and predict the outcome of buying attitudes and consumer preferences, the result more golden to the product they intend to sell to the market.For example, the traditional word of mouth phenomenon happens between friends, between relatives or peers in the house, in the neighborhood, in the office or in locations where human verbal interaction is possible. A housewife may rant to a neighbor and fellow housewife how the recent upholstery stain remover did not work for her and how it messed the sofa more.Of course, housewife 2 do not have any way of finding out if this was professedly or if the worsening of the condition was caused by other factors (i. e. wron g use of the cleaner, etc), but there is a very large possibility that housewife 2 will shy away from the particular brand being discussed and select another brand (not unless the brand being talked about is something that housewife 2 has already used in the past and depended on for quality and performance).Nonetheless, this illustrates what is in play in the word of mouth phenomena. It becomes more believable because people believe that the appraisal/assessment of a product/service is based largely on straight, first hand experience without any manipulative motive from the source of information besides the need to share the experience with another individual.The same effect marketing and PR professionals try to incur everytime they use common or general bicycle looking individuals to comment on their products or everytime they use the everyday man random interview wherein the individual endorses a product based on his/her own true experience, which some individuals may not easil y believe knowing that actors in paid ads are mere puppets and totally unreliable sources of information in a pseudo-word of mouth approach.This traditional word of mouth model is no different from how word of mouth communication and word of mouth marketing happens today in the online world or through the internet. In recent years, the opportunity for consumers to generate WOMC (word of mouth communication), and the rate at which it is disseminated, has increased significantly due to penetration of the Internet (De Carlo, Laczniak, Sridhar, 2003, p. 225). Bloggers talk about items they recently bought or thinking of buying, and more often than not replies to the subject thread will generate different opinions about the product being talked about, and this series and streams of ideas racing back and forth between individuals involved in conversation through blogging affect the perception not just of the bloggers involved but also those who come across the blog site and gets to read i t (i. . those who searched for the particular product in the search bar to get more information about the item, who will soon have different notions and particular mindset about the item which was unknown to the person prior to reading the blog and message threads that influenced the individuals thinking and perception about the product).Word of mouth marketing and communication placed in the plateau or realm of the internet is more influential and powerful as it is more dangerous because the spreading of word of mouth through the internet is easier and can target and reach more individuals compared to traditional word of mouth experiences. Because of this, marketing strategist are all the more concerned about the power of the internet-based word of mouth phenomenon. shoot the breeze rooms and message boards, for example, allow individuals to share experiences with relative ease (De Carlo, Laczniak, Sridhar, 2003, p. 225). For example, talking about a particular product or item in a chat room with 50 listed participants (something which is not impossible or difficult to achieve, especially with the growth of social networking via the internet that links more and more people together in a tightly wrinkle web of online community that connects one to another in many different links) already puts the source of the information in a position wherein he/she can influence 49 different individuals, especially if the topic/item/product is about something that is of common interest to everyone in the chatroom (i. . the newest electronic entertainment gadget among young individuals or a particular product or item among hobbyist, like the newest GPRS gadget among outdoor enthusiast). Imagine the impaction of influencing 49 individuals, something that is not easy to do traditionally since it is not easy to gather 50 individuals in one location on a particular time only to rant about product appraisal (not unless its the annual Tupperware Party, where the preferences of t he individual on a particular common interest is already a given).Manipulating Internet-Based Word of Mouth communion Because of the power of online word of mouth communication, there are several efforts to cheat word of mouth communication by planting individuals that will act as sources to create a conspire in the internet and in the process allow people to talk about a particular product or item in the internet through blogs and forums and chat rooms, in the process creating word of mouth communication and marketing the product/item/service to the consumer.A perfect example is what happened in the internet during the effort to create popularity for a former pop star. Students hired to post questions and comments on teen-oriented chat rooms and bulletin boards generated discussion and interest in pop singer Christina Aguilera (Schindler, Bickart, 2005, p. 35). The power of word of mouth found in internet tools is very potent that companies are also trying to find ways on how to combat the presence of negative inputs directed at company products resulting from online word of mouth communication. Trademark owners may be able to suppress or excise negative word of mouth (Goldman, 2008, p. 404). This can be also considered as manipulating online word of mouth, largely to protect the interest of companies who are in danger of bad publicity and bad public standing if word of mouth in the internet is not properly handled. Because of the power of online word of mouth and the collaboration of the word of mouth culture with the internet technology, several changes happened.One of which is the challenging the traditional market cycle power players. Experts believe that online and offline word of mouth communication functions differently. And because of that, control is something that companies are struggling with as word of mouth in the internet increases. Offline, trademark owners have a fair amount of control over consumer perceptions of their brands. Online word of mouth undermines that control (Goldman, 2008, p. 04). Challenging the Traditional Expert-Review Notion Another important characteristic of word of mouth communication in the internet that makes it very influential and significant in the consumer reception and patronage of a product in the shelf is because of what experts believe as the shift of credibility from the traditional product experts to the everyday, everyman blogger in the internet where word of mouth is mostly prevalent.Even if companies pay for the opinion of respected product experts, it hardly matters now because it seems like individuals who want information about a product read about what other individuals like themselves has to say about the product before creating their own mindset and perspective about the item. Nowadays, customer reviews posted in different forums or realistic communities, web blogs and podcasts are much more powerful and believable than expert product reviews (Swoboda, Morschett, Rudolph, Schnedlitz, Schramm-Klein, 2008, p. 8). This is healthy news for those who will be affected by word of mouth in a positive manner, especially those whose appraisal that was transferred via word of mouth through blog(s) commend the product and encourage other people to use it, because this phenomena evens out the impending failure in credibility of perceived product experts. This can also spell doom and worst case marketing crisis management for those which were appraised negatively in the blogosphere. Word of Mouth as a Source of Important Information One of the sources of power of word of mouth is because people rely on it, generally for information.In this age where there are many things being offered to them, each emblem of item available in different brands, customers wanted to have more information until they are satisfied that they know what they need to know later on making the purchase. A second source for consumers to learn about a new product is through word-of-mouth (K rishnamurthy, 2004, p. 273). This was true during the pre-internet age, and still holds true now that Internet became part of the social culture and took an important part in how word of mouth is undertaken today.Word of mouth, particularly internet based word of mouth communication has been an important source of information that some believe that it has already overtaken the significance of the traditional mass media platforms when it comes to consumer preference on where to find the information that they want to know. Take for example, the case for the diffusion of new products in the market. Some experts believe that in this particular area, word of mouth is very important factor in how the sales and marketability of the new product will turn out after consumer reception to the product is gauged. consciousness of new products primarily came from personal communications, with mass media only consulted when more information was desired (Krishnamurthy, 2004, p. 273). That people rely heavily on the input of other people rather than the impact of mass media advertising and marketing strategy only points to the idea that large sections of the items, services and other things for sale particularly those which is in its initial launch level depend the level of consumer strength based on how the consumer and their preferences and buying habits will react to the input of word of mouth in their consciousness. Some studies have shown that innovators engage in more WOM communication than do imitators and are more dependent on WOM (Krishnamurthy, 2004, p. 273). III. The Internet and the consumer One of the best things that happened to the world is the internet, as much as the internet is one of the best things that happened to consumers because of many different reasons. First, the internet improved purchasing, making the buying and selling of things faster and more convenient both for the vender and the customer.Online purchasing is also now an option to consu mers, thanks to the internet. Another important impact of the internet in the world of consumers is how the internet gave the consumers the power by providing consumers with a new platform for word of mouth communication. In the past, the consumers are left with very little options and chances for their opinion and thoughts to be heard by the companies that sell items, by their fellow consumers and by the rest of the world.With the entry of the internet, the consumer section is once again empowered because they have now, through the internet, what they did not have when the transfer of information was controlled largely by manufacturers and vendors. Using the internet, consumers can now easily publish their opinions, providing their thoughts, feelings, and viewpoints on products and services to the public at large (Schindler, Bickart, 2005, p. 35). A place to speak and influence other consumers through online word of mouth was made possible by the internet, and the consumers are now not merely the end-recipients of the products of capitalism and manufacturing. Consumers, with a more powerful type of word of mouth communication through the internet, can make people ostracise brands and products and proficiently affect the sales of different items simply by convince individuals through blogs and forums and chats why such products should not be patronized.Consumers will never see fellow consumers as someone with an agenda, and because of this, they will take the input of fellow consumers and allow it to seriously influence them. Influencing Brand Perceptions Through the use of the internet, the consumer is not only provided with a new way to purchase hots and items, but also given the chance to influence other consumers towards brand perception. The broad reach of online word of mouth gives consumers tremendous power to influence brand perceptions (Goldman, 2008, p. 404). The Power of the Internet in Consumer WorldThere are many proofs of the power of the i nternet in the consumer world. Some of the proofs include the fact that through the internet, consumers are connected with each other. The Internet helps create new word of mouth content and disseminate word of mouth to new and antecedently unreachable audiences (Goldman, 2008, p. 404), while another significant proof of the power of the internet in the consumer world is the entry of internet and how it impacted trademark law, Online word of mouth poses the most important challenge to Internet trademark law (Goldman, 2008, p. 04). These proofs of the power of the internet in the consumer world particularly through the internet-based word of mouth only highlights the limitations found in traditional and/or offline word of mouth communication. Offline, consumer word of mouth plays a major role in the mart by disciplining some brands and rewarding others, but a persons views typically reach only a limited number of people (Goldman, 2008, p. 404). Proof of the Power of Internet-Based Word of MouthThe effects of word of mouth among customers and consumers have been studied extensively for years. Ever since market psychoanalyst identified the power of word of mouth in the market value and market success of products and other things for sale to the consumers, many entities like tarp have undertaken studies in order to understand more how word of mouth works and how it really affects things. TARP has studied the ripple effects of dissatisfied customers and word of mouth testimonials. The results will rock anyone concerned about sales and marketing (Clemmer, Sheehy, 1994, p. 15). But studies are not just the sole proof that can validate the claim that internet-based word of mouth is effective and is being seriously used today in aggressive marketing. Other proofs may include the cases in the past that pointed to the role and power of internet-based word of mouth and how it influenced the outcome of consumer/public patronage and support. Other proofs of the power of the internet-based word of mouth communication are identified by experts by naming instances wherein internet-based word of mouth communication was important in the marketing and in the turn out success of the product/item/services for sale to the public.One of the industries that depend on positive public acceptance of what they sell for them to survive and sustain themselves is the entertainment industry, particularly motion-picture show making. In the past, many different movies saw what the Internet-based word of mouth can do for particular movies to make it big in the silver screen, including popular titles like the hit Blair bewitch Project. by and by the success of the use of Internet buzz in promoting the movie The Blair Witch Project, studios are increasingly relying on online WOM to develop interest in new films (Schindler, Bickart, 2005, p. 5). The movie acted as a perfect case study that depute the impact of internet-based word of mouth and how it can create a stir among consumers that can lead to consumption of the product (in this case, leading the people to watch the movie). Because of this, many other marketing strategists of other film outfits followed suit, including this particular legislation in the overall marketing strategy to guarantee the success of the movie based on patronage and public support.The same was the case in the more recent movies, like the global smash hit big trilogy The Lord of the Rings which, according to Schindler and Bickart (2005), relied on the role and impact of the internet and how it can diffuse word of mouth information via its many different features. New Line Cinemas encouraged the development of unofficial web sites about the movies, providing these sites with interviews with the films director in order to generate discussion and excitement about the movies (Schindler and Bickart, 2005, p35). Blogs a Powerful Internet-Based Word of Mouth Communication Tool The creation of blogs and the blogosphere, and how the consumers were quick to embrace and utilize this new, internet-based form of social interaction is one of the main reasons why the internet has become a very potent source for word of mouth communication, word of mouth marketing and advertising, and word of mouth communication that can either seriously improve or damage a particular product or brand.While blogs are not exclusively focused on product and services analysis, it is easily noticeable how the traditional trend occurring between neighbors who chat and compare their thoughts on different products and services (in the process producing word of mouth communication) transformed into online neighborhood chat. Only this time, the people involved in the conversation of product and services comparison are bigger in add up and not limited to geographical boundaries.An American youth can blog about his assessment of the latest mobile phone or media player, which can get different reactions from other individuals who ma y or may not be directly related or connected with the blogger from as outlying(prenominal) as Asian or European countries. They can converse via their entries and replies in the blog and talk as if they are next door neighbors even when offline they are mere strangers to each other and live thousands of miles away.It is for this particular power to spread the word that marketing strategies and companies make sure that they make sufficient consideration and leg room to accommodate the possible input of blogs and word of mouth communication in the internet in their overall market strategy and the overall performance of the product they are trying to sell.Generally, what every company can hope for is that the bloggers in the blogosphere have mostly good words to tell to each other when it comes to appraising the product/services that they are trying to sell to the public. Not only will consumers talk to you via your blog, they also will talk to one another. Your readers can become y our best brand-building evangelists, helping you to spread your message and your presence throughout their networks (Nacht, Chaney 2006, p. 64). Being able to get an online ally and brand evangelist (directly or indirectly) is important because it does not only make ones product or services look good, but it also helps in selling the product/service to the people. As what most experts believe, what people read in the online blogs focused on product and services assessment and appraisal greatly affect the individual in what he or she might want to buy in the very immediate future. For consumers, blogs are like customer reviews on rube ocal or Amazon, which are helpful in making decisions about what to buy and whose services to use (Nacht, Chaney, 2006, p. 65). This is the needed push so that consumers can take it to the next level to actually buy an item, and to start the foundation of a long lasting brand patronage and to trigger the start of new word of mouth by using the new co nsumer as the new source of information for other people whom the consumer can convince to either try the brand or opt for something else.Of course, marketing and advertising people have since made it their task to provide that necessary push to (1) make the consumer buy, (2) start the foundation of brand loyalty, and (3) make the consumer new sources of information that can influence other consumers and expand the network of word of mouth communication that delivers a very positive message favorable to the product/service being sold to the public. Today, experts believe that this task is something that advertisers and marketing professionals cannot achieve but by themselves and their efforts.Internet-based tools like blogs provide the crucial word of mouth communication that heavily influences consumers. Blogs, one of the most popular and user-friendly internet-based tool for word of mouth communication, is proving that it is one of the forces to reckon with, flexing extensive pow er that dictates the movement in consumer attitude. Blogs are word of mouth supercharged (Nacht, Chaney, 2006, p. 64) Add to this trend the consideration that most people outside of the marketing and advertising business is fast catching up with what advertising and marketing is trying to do.They sense the artificial push given to consumer and in the process, making consumers less and less dependent on advertising and more and more difficult to be influenced by advertisements especially when it comes to consulting other people about product input to affect buying attitude and preference. With internet-based tools like blogs, consumers feel like they are genuinely talking to another person who would give them an honest, first hand, experience-based opinion without any motive or agenda to influence the consumers buying preference other than to provide information.It is something that most believe they do not actually get from advertisements and marketing campaigns geared at making br ands look good and pleasing to the senses and covering up areas which maybe problematic or hateful for the consumer in real life. In their book, Nacht and Chaney (2006) used as an example the result of a North Carolina survey, and wrote that one third of all consumers would prefer to receive product information from friends and specialists rather than from advertising (Nacht and Chaney, 2006, p. 65). The idea of friends in this particular idea would belike include peers and contacts in the online/internet network of an individual. The exchange of information between friends to substitute the information gathering from advertising-based sources most probable happens online, including the use of blogs through writing blogs or reading other peoples blogs about the product, in this case blogs act, according to PR strategist Steve Rubel, as a 24/7 focus group thats transparent and out in the open (Nacht, Chaney, 2006, p. 64).Companies also understand the significance of blogs and have a particular role for blogs to play in how consumerism works, in the hope that blogs can dish out them in making sure consumerism and its related socio-economic conditions interact together favorably for the company and its products and items it sells to the public. Smart businesses will pay attention to blogs, using them as kind of informal network of consumer opinion. Blogs have become a word-of-mouth marketing channel that allows companies to keep a pulse on their marketplace (Nacht, Chaney, 2006, p. 4). The Internet Versus the Traditional Tri-Media So how does the internet and its features (i. e. websites, blogs etc) actually become another important source of word of mouth marketing and in the process have the capacity to influence the buying attitudes and preferences of the consumers? The internet, like the radio, print media and the television are all platforms used for the movement of information. The first three types of information platforms the tri-media nearly had t he similar effect that the internet has.While the tri-media, no doubt, had spacious effect on buying attitude and preferences and overall marketing, there is something that the internet has managed to give to the target consumers that the tri-media failed to provide them interactivity. Because the websites and the blogs and the podcasts feature interactivity by allowing ordinary individuals to have a say on products or items for sale, people listen to what they have to say more.And because the internet is an accessible and available platform for discussion between and among customers (something that is not available for the other tri-media since the information direction here is one way from the companies to the target audience), consumers who tried the product or service feels good that they have an avenue where they as ordinary consumers can appraise and assess a product, without the restrictions of companies and without the marketing scripts and paid appearances by individuals posing as ordinary consumers in the tri-media marketing which, as years went by, became passe and hardly credible a style for word of mouth marketing to convince the consumer/audience.Blogs and the websites has turn up that it is a fresh new approach that meant empowering the consumers, allowing them not only to be informed but also to speak about the products and services they bought. The absence of pretentiousness and feigned positive approval in the world of blogging has made it a very influential tool because people speak based from their own appraisal of the product or services. And if the appraisal is good, then this type of word of mouth marketing can indeed help a product to gain more followers and patrons. Similarly, the bloggers who are not move by something they bought may speak about the product negatively. This is a serious threat to the market power and credibility of the product.Since the time of television, print and radio advertisements, marketing personnel are a lready conscious of the impact of having an ordinary and common individual talk about the product. This is why many brands have opted to pick someone that is not popular, someone that represents the common folk, to speak positively about the product as if what they are saying in the television, print or radio advertisement is a genuine personal appraisal and not a scripted one. Of course, to be able to get a space in television, radio or print media, one has to pay a hefty sum, and because of that, it is impossible an d impractical for the real common folk to talk to the masses via the avenues of mass communication about how he or she felt about a particular detergent brand or hamburger chain.The internet, through personal websites and blogs, is a very crummy way to make ones own assessment of products through product reviews. In this particular sphere, the genuine essence of the idea of word of mouth is maximized because blogging meant that the entire worldwide communities hooked in the internet are talking to each other. This explains the idea that an important aspect of word of mouth marketing information transfer traffic is highly dependent on how the need to interact with peers and friends is facilitated and consumed by the consumers themselves. Interaction with peers triggers new customer needs and alters buying attitude (Swoboda, Morschett, Rudolph, Schnedlitz, Schramm-Klein, 2008, p. 8).By blogging, people can influence other people not just about particular brand preferences. They can also influence other people about starting to want to buy something which an individual did not know or want in the past prior to the onset of the influence of the input of blogging or of a particular blog article. Through blogs they tell each other what products they find best and what products they find disappointing. They talk to each other, and the speed by which their messages are sent to each other is something that the traditional tri-media cannot match, making t he bloggers and what they say to each other more powerful and more influential. ConclusionHow the world is recognizing the true impact of the optimization of a potential of the internet as a powerful tool in marketing particularly through word of mouth marketing today just goes to show that, similar to the case of the traditional tri-media during its early years, new information platforms are always important avenues that affect the people and the different aspects of their lives, one of which is buying attitude and buying preferences. Add to the fact that compared to the era of the early years of the traditional tri-media, the world today at the apex of the influence of the internet on modern day life is also characterized vis-a-vis by the heightened sense of consumerism and capitalism that more and more people are investing in businesses that create new things to sell to the people because they can make people believe they need to buy these things.As products and brands compete fo r the limited budget of consumers, jostle each other to be able to find a place in the grocery or shopping bag, what peers in the internet world has to say to each other about particular items and brands is an important word of mouth marketing hinged on electronic/digital medium of information dissemination that should be consistently studied so that they can have the knowledge on how they can use this tool for their own advantage, marketing-wise. This feat has, no doubt, started. But the study of this phenomena brings to light the prospect that the media and platforms of information and interactivity will always be an important tool to shape social attitudes, including consumer attitudes towards buying, brand preference and item selection. The social effects of the social media are, by and large, a fascinating research area and a field most likely to shape future consumer or even human behavior (Swoboda et al, 2008, p. 9). may it be traditional word of mouth phenomena or online, internet-based word of mouth, what serves as a constant truth is that word of mouth remains an important and influential aspect of social interaction that affects market power of items for sale because word of mouth affects the buying attitude and consumer preferences. It appears that electronically transferred or face-to-face WOMC has the potential to alter carefully planned marketing communication programs, depending on how consumers process such information (De Carlo, Laczniak, Sridhar, 2003, p. 225). This leans towards the understanding that marketing strategies should always take into consideration word of mouth experiences and its impact and how word of mouth can be controlled to favor a particular product and act as a useful support mechanism in a marketing strategy.

Which Do You Think Contributes More to Personal Happiness

How one responds to a event is a huge factor that contributes to personal happiness, for the state of happiness is achieved from accomplishing a certain goal. In the 18th century, the 13 colonies was in feud with its scram country, Britain refusing to pay taxes without representation. George Washington, the General of the Continental Army, was hopeless and at the brink of surrender.Yet through with(predicate) the motivational articles such as Paines Common Sense, the establishment of the Declaration of Independence, and the comer of the French, Washingtons morale was boosted. At Yorktown, the Ameri lavs and French were able to force Cornwallis to surrender, and the war was eventually over. Washing successfully accomplished his goal of leading the colonies to victory. This accomplishment of gaining license non only gave the 13 colonies happiness, but mainly Washington as well.As a result of this happiness, the colonies were able to unite into the United States of America. Ones response in a situation definitely supports personal happiness. In the midst of my crank year in high school, I was asked to help a friend who was struggling in the subject of Biology. After long hours throughout the week, he was finally able to interpret the information. The aftermath was successful and through my teachings, I understood the importance of happiness.Happiness allows me to feel not necessarily a high being, rather like an older brother who is helping. This enlightenment taught me that happiness can only be achieved by how one reacts to a certain event. In this particular case, because I helped a friend understand the subject of Biology, I fulfilled a good deed, and therefore rewarded with happiness. Although society always seeks for happiness, it not a feeling that can be forced, rather obtain through good deeds and accomplishments.