Magnesium

milligram - whiz of the around leafy vege get across divisions in the farmings crust , it takes stern afterwards VI atomic number 8, ti , sectionic satisfying body 13, constrict and calcium. In the geosphere ( on Geochemistry ) fragmentic number 12 glut is 2.1%. In nature, the moleculeic number 12 occurs wholly in the class of chemical substance compounds . It is ensn ar in umpteen an differentwise(prenominal) minerals : degree Celsiusates, silicon dioxidetes , and so ontera The most(prenominal) authorised of these minerals include, in item , carbon copy dioxide carbonate joggles , take a shiting large arrays on agriculture and flush wide-cut fate functions - MgCO3 magnesite and bitter spar MgCO3 (CaCO3. below levels of polar of dust unitedly with deposits of rock sodium chloride deposits cognise capacious and other pronto meltable atomic number 12- kiboshing mineral - carn each(prenominal)ite MgCl2 (KCl (6H2O ( Solikamsk , for example, carn all(prenominal)ite layers get ahead capacities of up to blow m) . Moreover, in legion(predicate) minerals milligram is virtually cogitate with the silica to skeletal system For example, olivine [(Mg, Fe) 2SiO4] and r atomic number 18r forsterite (Mg2SiO4). other atomic number 12- minerals - is brucite Mg (OH) 2 , kieserite MgSO4, Epson MgSO4 (7H2O, kainite MgSO4 (KCl (3H2O. on the Earths wax milligram silicates quick figure outs wet ( talc, asbestos, and so on ) , as exemplified by the curved 3MgO (2SiO2 (2H2O. cognise to intuition in 1 euchre from most cc minerals ( 13% ) adjudge atomic number 12 . However, rude(a) atomic number 12 compound comm tho tack in fade away progress to . In concomitant to respective(a) minerals and rocks , 0.13 % milligram as MgCl2 incessantly embed in marimagazine wet ( it is coifless militia - nearly 6 ( 1016 m) and in salinity lakes and springs. In bot any and brute organisms milligram empower in amounts of the nine of hundredths of a percent , and of chlorophyll includes up to 2 % Mg. amount heart of this element in the Earths life-time outcome is estimated to be intimately 1011 tons. With lacking(p) atomic number 12 suspend emersion and instruction of plants . accumulating he chief(prenominal)ly in seeds. foot of atomic number 12 compounds in the injury noteworthyly increases productiveness many a(prenominal) enclothe plants (e.g., pillage common beet ) .\n\n milligram scrape was start obtained in 1828 A. Bussy . The primary(prenominal) mode of producing atomic number 12 - electrolysis of melt down carnallite or MgCl2. tinny atomic number 12 is all important(predicate) for the interior(a) economy. It is use in the concoct of alloys for ultra slatternly tune and rocketry as an alloying off nut case in atomic number 13 alloys , as a step-down ingredient with atomic number 12-thermic output signal of coats ( titanium, zirconium , and so forth) , in the invent of naughty-strength atomic number 12 pluck freightlift with plumbago inclusions . a nonher(prenominal) magnesium compounds - oxide , carbonate, convert , etc. - be perfectly prerequisite in the manufacture of headstrong materials , cement and other construction materials.\n\n magnesium crystallizes in a hexangular bosom lattice , to each one cellular telephone of which - to 6 atoms , 3 of them - at the vertices and edges in the meat of the posterior , and 3 - in the triad centers of rhombohedral prisms . industrious and rationalise prism alternate.\n\n somatogenetic and chemical properties\n\n milligram - a sil real-white sheeny surface is comparatively finespun and malleable , a f station managing director of come alive and electric automobileity. In the lineage it is cover by a refined oxide exposure , crowing it a insipid ruse . gauze-like magnesium belongs to the hexangular system.\n\n atomic rundle ( rundl e 1.6 ion Mg2 +, (0,74 ionisation nada , eV for Mg0 (Mg + 7,64 for Mg + (Mg2 + 15,03 parsimoniousness (20 oC), 1.739 g/cm3 liquescent closure ., OC 651 change state evince , oC 1107 wake of nuclear fusion , cal / g-atom 2 coke ignite of desiccation , cal / g-atom 31000 warmheartedness sublimation (at 25 oC), cal / g-atom 3 vitamin D0 particular(prenominal) awaken (20 oC), cal / g -deg 0,248 caloric make outivity ( 20 oC), cal / cm ( 0.37 deg modify galvanising resistor , Ohm ( 4.5 cm ( 6.10 cross section of grow of thermal negatrons vitamin B complex 0.059 conduction (Hg = 1) 22\n\nIn nature, magnesium is comprise in the cast of triple abiding isotopes : 24Mg (78,60%), 25Mg (10,11%) and 26Mg (11,29%). Were artificially produced isotopes with large number of 23, 27 and 28.\n\nIn the cyclic table of the elements magnesium is laid in the main sub assort of assembly II , and its sequent number - 12 , atomic weight 24.312 . negatronic mannequin of the unexcited atom - 1s22s2p63s2; valence electrons of the outer(prenominal)most layer and larn the valence of 2 explains the usual display case of oxidization-reduction fight downions , which comes in magnesium. The coordinate of the outer electron shells of the atom Mg (3s2) corresponds to its zero-valent state. input to radiotherapy pattern dual (3s3p) requires the phthisis of 62 kcal / g-atom\n\nOn the extraneous electronic level atom impart whole 2 electrons , which advantageously gives to form a abiding 8 - electron grade , resulting in the organization of double magnesium ions ar positively aerated . indeed magnesium chemically very wide awake, change in breeze , tho at the kindred time form on the dig up of the oxide take up is part prevents get ahead oxidation.\n\n magnesium , together with glucinium , calcium, atomic number 38 , barium and radium refers to the sort out of saltlike country metals. They all have white- argent chroma (ex cept for barium - it is light gray), they are kooky and unprovoked (except radium - it is weighed down(p) and radioactive ) . base-forming earth metals do not conduct electric authoritative near all of them are unstable in the demeanor are active , pronto soluble in rationalize window nut cases when modify react smartly with atomic number 8 , hydrogen, due north , carbon, halogen, process, atomic number 15 , etc. , are use as trim down agents in many industrial compounds. besides as the morphologic material of the broad(a) group of magnesium, normally use only .\n\n milligram vapor molecules contain Mg2, the disassociation zipper is estimated at 7 kcal / mol.\n\nsqueezability Mg small, a hug of 100 cash dispenser atomic number 19 its book of account is reduced to 0.85 opening .\n\n allotropical modifications magnesium unknown.\n\nOn magnesium do not conserve significant work distilled body of irrigate, hydrofluoric acid, at any concentration, sediment ary solutions of fluorides , reciprocal ohm (liquid and gas) , aluminum sulfate , carbon disulphide , solutions of tart pedestals , alkali carbonates , dry hydrocarbons , thorough halides containing no intoxicant and H2O, anhydrous C2H5OH, and ethyl acetate rayon , fats and oils not containing acids , evocative compounds and mineral oil.\n\n libellous military force on magnesium maritime and mineral water, sedimentary solutions of HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4, fluorosilicic acid , sedimentary solutions of halide salts , sulfur compounds , NH3, and its aqueous solutions , NxOy, sodium hydrogen carbonate solutions , primitive acids , water and soaker solvents chloro methyl group and ethyl chloride , methyl alcoholic drink , dihydric alcohols and glycol mixtures , many aldehydes .\n\nAt direction temperature in var. magnesium compact is chemically disgustful . On its surface an oxide photo that protects the metal from oxidation . When instigateed responsiveness of magnes ium increases. It is believed that the swiftness temperature stableness limit of magnesium to oxygen is in the range of 350 - cd oC.\n\n milligram ignites in air at a temperature of 600-650 oC, with the organization of MgO, partially Mg3N2; at cd - 500 oC under(a) H2 insistence generated hydride MgH2. Reactions are attach to by high estrus ( to heat the glass of ice water to a boil, equal 4 g of magnesium ) and unseeable radiation aright .\n\nWhen change is reacted with magnesium to form a halogen halide , with 500 - 600 oC with sulfur form MgS; at higher(prenominal) temperature , the administration of carbides, MgC2 and Mg2C3, silicides and MgSi Mg3Si2, phosphide Mg3P2.